By

in the expression "by myself" (A.V., 1 Corinthians 4:4 ), means, as rendered in the Revised Version, "against myself."

BY

In the sense of "against" which survives only in dialectal English (compare Wright, Dialect Dict., I, 470, for examples) is the King James Version rendering of the dative emauto of 1 Corinthians 4:4 (the American Standard Revised Version renders this "against"). In classical Greek the same idiom sunoida with dative = "be conscious" or "be cognizant of" a thing.