Stand fast therefore in the liberty
There is the liberty of grace, and the liberty of glory; the
former of these is here meant, and lies in a freedom from sin;
not from the indwelling of it, but from the dominion, guilt, and
damning power of it; from the captivity and tyranny of Satan,
though not from his temptations and insults; from the law, the
ceremonial law, as an handwriting of ordinances, a rigid severe
schoolmaster, and a middle wall of partition, and from all its
burdensome rites and institutions; from the moral law as a
covenant of works, and as administered by Moses; and from the
curse and condemnation of it, its bondage and rigorous exaction,
and from all expectation of life and righteousness by the deeds
of it; but not from obedience to it, as held forth by Christ, and
as a rule of walk and conversation; and from the judicial law, or
those laws which concerned the Jews as Jews: moreover, this
liberty lies in the free use of things indifferent, as eating any
sort of food without distinction, so that it be done in faith,
with thankfulness to God, in moderation, and with temperance, and
so as that the peace and edification of fellow Christians are not
hurt; also in the free use of Gospel ordinances, which they that
are fellow citizens with the saints have a right unto, but not to
lay aside or neglect at pleasure; which is not to use, but to
abuse their liberty: again, another branch of it is access to
God, with freedom and boldness at the throne of grace, through
the Mediator, under the influences of the divine Spirit; to which
may be added, a deliverance from the fears of death corporeal,
who is a king of terrors to Christless sinners, and which kept
Old Testament saints, all their lifetime subject to bondage and
eternal, or the second death, by which Christ's freemen are
assured they shall not be hurt: now, in this liberty, the
children of the free woman, believers under the Gospel
dispensation, are very pertinently exhorted to stand fast, in
consequence and consideration of their character; that is, they
should highly prize and esteem it, as men do their civil liberty;
and maintain it and defend it, at all hazards; abide by the
doctrine of it without wavering, and with intrepidity; not giving
up anyone part of it, however, and by whomsoever, it may be
opposed, maligned, and reproached; and keep up the practice of
it, by obeying from the heart the doctrine of it, by becoming the
servants of righteousness, by frequent attendance at the throne
of grace, and continual observance of the ordinances of Christ;
and then should take heed of everything that tends to break in
upon it, as any doctrine or commandment of men; particularly the
doctrine of justification by works, and all sorts of superstition
and will worship: and the rather, because of the concern Christ
has in this liberty, it is that
wherewith Christ hath made us free;
we are not free born, but on the contrary homeborn slaves, as
Ephraim was; nor could this liberty in any of its branches be
obtained by us, by any merit, righteousness, act, or acts of
ours, but is wholly of Christ's procuring for us, both by price
and power; whereby he has ransomed and delivered us out of the
hands of all our spiritual enemies, sin, Satan, the law, and
death; and it is of his proclaiming in the Gospel, and of his
applying by his Spirit, whom he sends down into our hearts as a
free Spirit, to acquaint us with it, and lead us into it, who
works faith in us to lay hold upon, and receive this blessing of
grace as others:
and be not entangled again with the yoke of
bondage.
The metaphor is taken from oxen put under a yoke, and implicated
with it, from which they cannot disengage themselves: some of the
members of this church had been Jews, who had formerly been under
the yoke of the law, and seemed desirous to return to their
former state of bondage, from which the apostle dissuades, and
therefore uses the word again: or else he may refer to the
bondage of corruption and idolatry, which they as Gentiles were
in, before their conversion; and intimates, that to give into the
observance of; Jewish rites and ceremonies would be involving
themselves in a state of bondage again; for by "the yoke of
bandage" he means the law, which the Jews frequently call
(twum lwe) "the yoke of
the commandments" F12; particularly the ceremonial law,
as circumcision; which Peter, ( Acts 15:10 ) represents
as a yoke intolerable; the observation of days, months, times,
and years; the multitude of sacrifices, and which could not take
away sin; but proclaimed their guilt and obligation to
punishment, and were an handwriting of ordinances against them,
and thereby they were held and kept in bondage, and such a yoke
is the moral law as delivered by Moses, requiring perfect
obedience, but giving no strength to perform, nor pointing where
any is to be had; showing a man his sin and misery, and so
working wrath in his conscience, but giving not the least
intimation of a Saviour, or of life and righteousness by another;
accusing, pronouncing guilty, cursing, and condemning; hence such
as seek for righteousness by it are in a miserable subjection to
it, and are sadly implicated and entangled with the yoke of it:
every doctrine and ordinance of men is a yoke of bondage which
should not be submitted to; nay, any action whatever, performed
in a religious way and in order for a man's acceptance with God,
and to obtain his favour, and according to his observance of
which he judges of his state, and speaks peace and comfort to
himself, or the reverse, is a yoke of bondage: as, for instance
prayer at such and so many times a day, reading such a number of
chapters in the Bible every day, fasting so many times in the
week, and the like; so that what are branches of Christian
liberty, such as frequent prayer to God, reading the sacred
writings for instruction and comfort, and the free use of the
creatures, are turned into a yoke of bondage, which should be
guarded against.