Giudici 1

1 ORA, dopo la morte di Giosuè, i figliuoli d’Israele domandarono il Signore, dicendo: Chi di noi salirà il primo contro a’ Cananei, per far loro guerra?

2 E il Signore disse: Salga Giuda; ecco, io gli ho dato il paese nelle mani.

3 E Giuda disse a Simeone, suo fratello: Sali meco alla mia parte; e noi guerreggeremo contro a’ Cananei; poi, ancora io andrò alla tua parte. E Simeone andò con lui.

4 Giuda adunque salì; e il Signore diede loro nelle mani i Cananei ed i Ferizzei; ed essi li percossero in Bezec, in numero di diecimila.

5 E trovarono Adonibezec in Bezec, e combatterono contro a lui, e percossero i Cananei ed i Ferizzei.

6 E Adonibezec fuggì; ma essi lo perseguitarono, e, presolo, gli tagliarono i diti grossi delle mani e de’ piedi.

7 E Adonibezec disse: Settanta re, che aveano i diti grossi delle mani e de’ piedi tagliati, se ne stavano già sotto la mia tavola, a ricoglier ciò che ne cadea; come io ho fatto, così mi ha Iddio renduto. Ed essi lo menarono in Gerusalemme, e quivi morì.

8 Ora i figliuoli di Giuda aveano combattuta Gerusalemme, e l’aveano presa, e messa a fil di spada; e aveano messa la città a fuoco e fiamma.

9 E poi erano scesi per guerreggiar contro a’ Cananei, che abitavano il monte, e nella parte meridionale, e nella pianura.

10 Giuda ancora era andato contro a’ Cananei che abitavano in Hebron, il cui nome per addietro era stato Chiriat-Arba, e avea percosso Sesai, Ahiman e Talmai.

11 E di là era andato contro agli abitanti di Debir, il cui nome per addietro era stato Chiriat-sefer.

12 E Caleb avea detto: Chi percoterà Chiriat-sefer, e la piglierà, io gli darò Acsa, mia figliuola, per moglie.

13 E Otniel, figliuolo di Chenaz, fratel minore di Caleb, l’avea presa; ed egli gli diede Acsa, sua figliuola, per moglie.

14 E quando ella venne a marito, ella l’indusse a domandare un campo a suo padre. Poi ella si gittò giù dall’asino. E Caleb le disse: Che hai?

15 Ed ella gli disse: Fammi un dono; poichè tu m’hai data una terra asciutta, dammi ancora delle fonti d’acque. E Caleb le donò delle fonti ch’erano disopra, e disotto di quella terra.

16 Ora i figliuoli del Cheneo, suocero di Mosè, erano anch’essi saliti co’ figliuoli di Giuda, dalla città delle palme, al deserto di Giuda, che è dal Mezzodì di Arad. Essi adunque andarono, e dimorarono col popolo.

17 Poi Giuda andò con Simeone, suo fratello, e percosse i Cananei che abitavano in Sefat, e distrussero quella città al modo dell’interdetto; onde le fu posto nome Horma.

18 Giuda prese anche Gaza e i suoi confini; Ascalon e i suoi confini; ed Ecron e i suoi confini.

19 E il Signore fu con Giuda; ed essi scacciarono gli abitanti del monte; ma non poterono scacciar gli abitanti della valle; perchè aveano de’ carri di ferro.

20 E diedero Hebron a Caleb, secondo che Mosè avea detto; ed egli ne scacciò i tre figliuoli di Anac.

21 Ora i figliuoli di Beniamino non iscacciarono i Gebusei che abitavano in Gerusalemme; anzi i Gebusei son dimorati in Gerusalemme, co’ figliuoli di Beniamino, infino a questo giorno.

22 La casa di Giuseppe salì anch’essa contro a Betel; e il Signore fu con loro.

23 E fecero spiare Betel, il cui nome anticamente era Luz.

24 E quelli ch’erano all’agguato videro un uomo che usciva della città; e gli dissero: Deh! mostraci da qual parte si può entrar nella città, e noi useremo benignità inverso te.

25 Egli adunque mostrò loro la parte per la quale potevano entrar nella città; ed essi la misero a fil di spada; ma lasciarono andar quell’uomo con tutta la sua famiglia.

26 Ed egli se ne andò nel paese degli Hittei, ed edificò una città, e le pose nome Luz; il qual nome le dura infino al dì d’oggi.

27 Manasse anch’esso non iscacciò gli abitanti di Bet-sean, nè delle terre del suo territorio; nè di Taanac, nè delle terre del suo territorio; nè gli abitanti di Dor, nè delle terre del suo territorio; nè gli abitanti d’Ibleam, nè delle terre del suo territorio; nè gli abitanti di Meghiddo, nè delle terre del suo territorio. E i Cananei si misero in cuore di abitare in quel paese.

28 Ben avvenne che, dopo che Israele si fu rinforzato, egli fece tributari i Cananei; ma non li scacciò.

29 Efraim anch’esso non iscacciò i Cananei che abitavano in Ghezer; anzi i Cananei abitarono per mezzo esso in Ghezer.

30 Zabulon non iscacciò gli abitanti di Chitron, nè gli abitanti di Nahalol; anzi i Cananei abitarono per mezzo esso, e furono fatti tributari.

31 Aser non iscacciò gli abitanti di Acco, nè gli abitanti di Sidon, nè di Alab, nè di Aczib, nè di Helba, nè di Afic, nè di Rehob.

32 Anzi Aser abitò per mezzo i Cananei che abitavano nel paese; perciocchè egli non li scacciò.

33 Neftali non iscacciò gli abitanti di Bet-semes, nè gli abitanti di Bet-anat; anzi abitò per mezzo i Cananei che abitavano nel paese; e gli abitanti di Bet-semes, e di Bet-anat, furono loro tributari.

34 E gli Amorrei tennero i figliuoli di Dan ristretti nel monte; perciocchè non li lasciavano scender nella valle.

35 E gli Amorrei si misero in cuore di abitare in Harheres, in Aialon, ed in Saalbim; ma, essendo la potenza di Giuseppe accresciuta, furono fatti tributari.

36 E i confini degli Amorrei erano dalla salita di Acrabbim, dalla Rocca in su.

Giudici 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

The book of Judges is the history of Israel during the government of the Judges, who were occasional deliverers, raised up by God to rescue Israel from their oppressors, to reform the state of religion, and to administer justice to the people. The state of God's people does not appear in this book so prosperous, nor their character so religious, as might have been expected; but there were many believers among them, and the tabernacle service was attended to. The history exemplifies the frequent warnings and predictions of Moses, and should have close attention. The whole is full of important instruction.

Proceedings of the tribes of Judah and Simeon. (1-8) Hebron and other cities taken. (9-20) The proceedings of other tribes. (21-36)

Verses 1-8 The Israelites were convinced that the war against the Canaanites was to be continued; but they were in doubt as to the manner in which it was to be carried on after the death of Joshua. In these respects they inquired of the Lord. God appoints service according to the strength he has given. From those who are most able, most work is expected. Judah was first in dignity, and must be first in duty. Judah's service will not avail unless God give success; but God will not give the success, unless Judah applies to the service. Judah was the most considerable of all the tribes, and Simeon the least; yet Judah begs Simeon's friendship, and prays for aid from him. It becomes Israelites to help one another against Canaanites; and all Christians, even those of different tribes, should strengthen one another. Those who thus help one another in love, have reason to hope that God will graciously help both. Adoni-bezek was taken prisoner. This prince had been a severe tyrant. The Israelites, doubtless under the Divine direction, made him suffer what he had done to others; and his own conscience confessed that he was justly treated as he had treated others. Thus the righteous God sometimes, in his providence, makes the punishment answer the sin.

Verses 9-20 The Canaanites had iron chariots; but Israel had God on their side, whose chariots are thousands of angels, ( Psalms 68:17 ) . Yet they suffered their fears to prevail against their faith. About Caleb we read in ( Joshua 15:16-19 ) . The Kenites had settled in the land. Israel let them fix where they pleased, being a quiet, contented people. They that molested none, were molested by none. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.

Verses 21-36 The people of Israel were very careless of their duty and interest. Owing to slothfulness and cowardice, they would not be at the pains to complete their conquests. It was also owing to their covetousness: they were willing to let the Canaanites live among them, that they might make advantage of them. They had not the dread and detestation of idolatry they ought to have had. The same unbelief that kept their fathers forty years out of Canaan, kept them now out of the full possession of it. Distrust of the power and promise of God deprived them of advantages, and brought them into troubles. Thus many a believer who begins well is hindered. His graces languish, his lusts revive, Satan plies him with suitable temptations, the world recovers its hold; he brings guilt into his conscience, anguish into his heart, discredit on his character, and reproach on the gospel. Though he may have sharp rebukes, and be so recovered that he does not perish, yet he will have deeply to lament his folly through his remaining days; and upon his dying bed to mourn over the opportunities of glorifying God and serving the church he has lost. We can have no fellowship with the enemies of God within us or around us, but to our hurt; therefore our only wisdom is to maintain unceasing war against them.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO JUDGES

The title of this book in the Hebrew copies is Sepher Shophetim, the Book of Judges; but the Syriac and Arabic interpreters call it,

``the Book of the Judges of the Children of Israel;''

and the Septuagint only Judges; so called, not because it was written by them, though some think it was compiled out of annals and diaries kept by them; but it seems to be the work of one person only: the true reason of its name is, because it treats of the judges of Israel, gives an account of their lives and actions, and especially such as concerned their office; which office was different from that of kings, and seems only to have been occasional, and chiefly lay in delivering the people out of the hands of their enemies, when oppressed, distressed, or carried captive by them; in protecting them in the enjoyment of their country, rights, and liberties; in leading out their armies against their enemies when needful; and in settling differences, judging law suits, and administering justice. The government of the nation, during their time, was a theocracy. It is not certain who was the penman of this book; some ascribe it to King Hezekiah, others to Ezra; but the Jewish writers {a} are generally of opinion that it was written by Samuel, which is most likely, who was the last of the judges; and it seems plainly to be written before the times of David, us appears from a speech of Joab, 2Sa 11:21; and from some passages in Ps 68:8,9 Ps 97:5, which seem to refer or allude to Jud 5:4,5; and from Jerusalem being called Jebus, which shows it to be inhabited by the Jebusites in the time of the writer of this book, whereas it was taken out of their hands by David; besides, Samuel himself refers to the annals of this book; 1Sa 12:9-11; and from whose testimonies, as well as from others in the New Testament, there is no doubt to be made of its being genuine and authentic, and written by divine inspiration; as is evident from the use the Apostle Paul, and the author of the epistle to the Hebrews, have made of it, Ac 13:20, Heb 11:32; it is useful as an history, and without which the history of the people of Israel would not be complete; it containing an account of all their judges, excepting the two last, Eli and Samuel, of whom an account is given in the following books, and of some facts incidental to those times, related in an appendix at the end of it, concerning the idol of Micah, and the war of Benjamin; and furnishes out many useful moral observations concerning God's displeasure at sin in his own people Israel, and his corrections for it; and about his providential care of them in raising up for them deliverers in their time of need, as well as points at various virtues and excellencies in great and good men, worthy of imitation. It contains, according to Piscator, Dr. Lightfoot, and others, an history of two hundred ninety and nine years.

\\INTRODUCTION TO JUDGES 1\\

The children of Israel, after Joshua's death, inquiring of the Lord which tribes should first go up against the remaining Canaanites, Judah is ordered to go up, who with Simeon did, Jud 1:1-3; and had success against the Canaanites under Adonibezek, whom they brought to Jerusalem Jud 1:4-8; and against the Canaanites in Hebron, Debir, Zephath, Hormah, Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron, Jud 1:9-20; the Benjamites had not such good success as Judah against the Jebusites in Jerusalem, Jud 1:21; nor as the house of Joseph had against Bethel, Jud 1:22-26; nor could the tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim, Zebulun, Asher, and Naphtali, drive out the Canaanites from several places which belonged unto them, though many of them became their tributaries, Jud 1:27-33; and as for the Amorites, they were too powerful for the tribe of Dan, though some of them became tributaries to the house of Joseph, Jud 1:34-36.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2.