Addenda

ADDENDA

CONTAINING A SKETCH OF THOSE PURITAN DIVINES OF WHOM NO FURTHER INFORMATION COULD BE OBTAINED.

Mr. Allen was an eminent puritan divine, and among the first sufferers for nonconformity in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In the year 1564 he was convened before the high commission at Lambeth, when he was sequestered and deprived for refusing subscription. He afterwards obtained absolution, and was again restored to his ministry.*

Mr. Broklesby was vicar of some church in the city of London, but prosecuted for nonconformity. He was accused of having asserted, 1. " That it was not lawful for women to baptize.—2. That, in the ministration of sacred things, he was above the queen.—3. That, the Virgin Mary was begotten and conceived in sin.—4. That the purifying of women, according to the usage of the church, was superstitious.—And, 5. That the ecclesiastical ceremonies were the abominable rags of popery." Though it does not appear what sentence was inflicted upon him for these assertions; yet, April 3, 1565, he was deprived of his ministry for not wearing the surplice, and was the first who was thus punished for this significant crime.t

Mr. Evans was one of the ministers belonging to the congregation of separatists in London, in the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth; and, as a punishment for hit

• Strype's Grindal, p. 98.

+ MS. Register, p. 10.—MS. Remarks, p. 170.

nonconformity, he was sent by the high commission into Scotland. He did not, however, continue long in the north, but, in May, 1568, returned to his native country. Because he could not, with a good conscience, conform to the ecclesiastical establishment, he kept private assemblies, with others of his brethren, as he had done before. But, by the recommendation of Archbishop Grindal, he was convened before her majesty's council for keeping conventicles; though it does not appear what punishment was inflicted upon him. Mr. Evans is said to have been "a man of more simplicity than the rest of his brethren."*

Mr. Fits was one of the pastors of the separate congregation noticed in the above article. This church having assembled in private places for some time, was discovered, December 19, 1567, at Plumbers'-hall, when the members were committed to prison, and kept under confinement nearly two years. As the name of Mr. Fits is not in the list of those released from prison, he became pastor to these people, most probably, some time after this period.t One of the elders of this separate church was Mr. John Bolton, who afterwards revolted from his brethren and recanted at Paul's cross; for which he was reproved and excluded by the rest of the church.* His recantation was occasioned by the flattery and threatenings of the bishops. But finding afterwards that they slighted him, and considering how he had sinned against his own conscience, the terrors of the Almighty fell upon him, and, like Judas, he hanged himself.^

Hugh Boothe, A. M. was educated in Trinity college, Cambridge, where he discovered his zeal for nonconformity. This presently awakened the attention of the ruling ecclesiastics; and, February 1, 1572, he was convened before the heads of colleges; but it does not appear whether he was released, or some heavy punishment inflicted upon him. Mr. John Studley, A. M. of the same college, was convened at the same time, and for the same offence; but this is all we know of him.||

* Strype's Rrindal, p. 181, 188. + Bee Art. Hawkins.

I Ainsworth's CouoterpoysoD, p. SS. $ Cotton'a Churches, p. 4.

I| Baker's MS. Collee. vol', iii. p. 392.

Thomas Greshop, A. M. was educated in All-Soul* college, Oxford; a nonconformist of great learning and - piety in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; and a most loyal subject under her majesty's government. In the days of Edward VI. he went as chaplain in the army of Lord Gray of Wilton, in his expedition against the Scotch rebels.* He translated into English, " A Treatise concerning a Declaration of the Pope's usurped Primacy;" written in Greek, above 800 years ago, by Nilus, archbishop of Thessalonica.

James Rosier was vicar of Winston in Norfolk, but a zealous nonconformist to the ecclesiastical ceremonies, particularly in refusing to wear the surplice. Though he was willing to conform in all points as far as the word of God allowed, he was, in the year 1573, suspended from his ministerial exerciser

Dr. Penny was a puritan minister of considerable eminence and popularity in London. In 1565 he was appointed by the lord mayor to be one of the preachers at the Spital the following Easter; which no sooner came to the ears of Archbishop Parker than he put a stop to it, on account of his nonconformity. He is, nevertheless, included in the list of peaceable nonconformists, who are said to have been gently treated, and were favoured with a license, or a connivance, to preach and hold ecclesiastical preferments. He afterwards gave up the ministry and turned physician, most probably on account of the oppressions of the times. He was living in the year 1573.t One Thomas Penny united with several others in addressing a letter, in 1577, to the celebrated Mr. Cartwright, in which they declare their firmness in the cause of nonconformity; but whether this was the same person we cannot learnt

Mr. Sparrow was a puritan divine of considerable eminence; but in the year 1573 was apprehended and carried first before the council, then .the high commission. Being examined about Mr. Cartwright's opinions, and not answering'to the satisfaction of his spiritual inquisitors, he was

• MS. Chronology, vol. ii. p. 373. (8.)

+ Btrype'i Parker, p. 458. J Ibid. p. 813, 243, 414.

S Sec Art. Gaw ton.

cast into prison, and threatened with banishment, if he would not conform.'

Mr. Walsh was preacher at Little Waldingficld in Essex, but, in 1573, was obliged to leave the place for nonconformity .t He afterwards preached in Suffolk, where he was esteemed a holy and painful divine, a great light in his time, and famous for his ministerial labours, his fervent zeal, and abundant charity. Mr. Samuel Crook, another worthj puritan, married his eldest daughter.t

Mr. Fulweh was a puritan minister in London, but treated with great cruelty by the ruling prelates. He was a man of most exemplary piety, and greatly esteemed by his brethren, but cast into prison for nonconformity. Towards the close of the year 1573, he was, with several of his brethren, confined in the Compter; but how long he remained we have not been able to learn.* ■»

Mr. Lowth was some time minister at Carlisle, but, in 1574, was prosecuted in the high commission of York for nonconformity. Having compared the severe proceedings of Archbishop Grindal and other commissioners to the Spanish inquisition, he was charged with slander. But the

{trincipal crime alleged against him was, that, though he had aboured in the ministry about sixteen years, he had never been ordained according to the practice of the church of England. After receiving the ecclesiastical censure, he made suit to the Queen and the Archbishop of Canterbury for pardon; which, said Grindal, was intolerant. Grindal, therefore, wrote to his brother of Canterbury, and prayed him, if it were in his power, to stay Mr. Lowth's pardon.H This, as might be expected, Archbishop Parker promised to do with all faithfulness.^

John Brown was chaplain to the Duchess of Suffolk, but, in 1573, was convened before the council; and being

• Strype'j Parker, p. 412, 41S. + Ibid. p. 452.

X Clark'i Lives annexed to Martyrologie, p. 205.
( Baker'a MS. Oiler, vol. mil. p. 441, 442.
| Strype'i Grindal, p. 185, 186.
1 Strype'i Parker, p. 480, 481. .

examined upon certain articles, he -was suspended from his ministry.* The year following, he was concerned in Undertree's sham plot. Though Undertree had written many letters in his name, yet, when the case was brought under examination, the whole was proved to be a forgery, and Mr. Brown's innocence was proved and announced in open court.+ He wrote certain letters, with ten questions proposed and answered, addressed to his brethren in the ministry, copies of which are still preserved.i One John Brown, B. D. was made canon of Windsor in the time of Queen Mary, and canon of Westminster in 1565, which he resigned, or was deprived of, in 1572; and died in 1584; but whether this was the same person it is difficult to ascertain 4

David Thickpenny was curate of Brighthelmstone in Sussex, a man of good learning, and much beloved by bis parishioners; but, in 1575, he was suspended by the Bishop of Chichester for nonconformity. He was charged, indeed, with the novel doctrines of the Family of Love; but, upon his examination, the charge was proved to be false. Although his innocence was fully proved, and his suspension taken off by Archbishop Grindal, he was soon after brought hit* fresh troubles for the same cause.|

Edward Chapman was educated in Trinity college, Cambridge, where he maintained, in a public disputation, that Christ, at his death, did not descend locally into hell. He also observed, that for ministers to hold two or more livings was unlawful; by which he gave great offence to the ruling ecclesiastics.f He had a prebend in the church of Norwich, and was minister at Bedford; but, in 1573, wai deprived by the Bishop of Lincoln. Having received hit lordship's sentence, he made complaint to the court, \vhicr occasioned the bishop some trouble.** In the year 1577 Mr. Chapman, and several of his brethren, fell into tin hands of Bishop Aylmer, who recommended, as a jus punishment for their nonconformity, that they should b Sent into the most barbarous parts of the kingdom, wliei they might be profitably employed in reclaiming the people from ignorance and popery. This he recommended, not because he liked them, but because he wished to get rid of them.*

.» Strypc's Parker, p. 418, 413. + Ibid. p. 466.

t MS. Register, p. 310, 665.
I) W«,mi's Ah'-nae Oxon. vol. i. p, 694, 723.

| Sirypi-'a Grinrtal, p. 197—199. I Strypc's Annuls, vol. i. p. AS

* * Slrype's Parker, p. 449.

Ralph Lev Er, A. M. was educated in King's college, Cambridge, and afterwards archdeacon of Northumberland, but he resigned this preferment in 1573, when he was succeeded by Mr. Francis Bunney.i In 1577 he succeeded his brother, the celebrated Mr. Thomas Lever, as master of Sherborn hospital, near Durham. He was one of the canons in the church of Durham, and deeply concerned in drawing up the articles against Mr. Whittingham, whom he most probably succeeded in the office of dean.J He is, notwithstanding this, denominated a puritan. His assertions concerning the canon law, the English papists, and the ecclesiastical affairs of this realm, are still preserved.$ One of the same name was rector of Snatterton in Norfolk, in 1588, where his remains were interred, June 3, 1605; but whether this was the same person is perhaps doubtful.||

William Drewet was committed to Newgate by the bishops, in 1580, for not consenting, it is said, to the traditions and filthy ceremonies of antichrist. He was of opinion, that men could not worship God in spirit and in truth, so long as they maintained human traditions, worldly ordinances, and popish ceremonies. How long he remained in prison we are not able to lea1n.11

John Nash, a zealous puritan minister, was committed prisoner to the Marshalsea for nonconformity. From the prison he wrote a bold letter, dated January, 1580, to the bishops and clergy in convocation. In this letter, a copy of which is stilL preserved, he styles himself The Lord's Prisoner, and boldly exposes the manifold errors and corruptions of the established church."*

• Strype's Aylmcr, p. 55, 56.

+ Wood's Athene, vol. i. p. 356, 671.

± Slrype's Parker, p. 275.

S Strype's Annals, vol. i. p. 319. ii. 514.

|| Blomefield's Hist, of Norfolk, vol. i. p. 285.

5 MS. Register, p. 289. »• Ibid. p. 291—298.

Mr. Evans, a worthy and conscientious minister, was presented by the Earl of Warwick to the vicarage of Warwick; but Dr. Whitgift, then bishop of Worcester, refused his allowance. When the worthy earl sent him to his grace, requesting that he might be admitted with a favourable subscription, the bishop said, " O, I know you, Mr. Evans, to be worthy of a better place than Warwick. I would very gladly gratify my lord; hut there is a Lord in heaven whom I fear; and, therefore, I cannot admit you without subscription." Though the good man offered to subscribe in all points as far as the law required, the bishop would not admit him, unless he would enter into bonds to observe all things in the Book of Common Prayer. Upon this, Mr. Evans bold1y addressed him, saying, " Will the law then permit you thus to play the tyrant, bishop? 1 shall see a premunire upon you one day for these pranks."*

Richard Prowd was a puritan minister of Burton-uponDunmore. In the year 1580 he wrote a very affecting letter to Lord Burleigh, giving a melancholy account of the state of religion, produced by the suppression of the religious exercises; and by forbidding ministers and others meeting together, to pray for the preservation of the protestant religion in so dangerous a crisis as the present, when there was a prospect of the queen's' marriage with a papist. He expressed his doubts to his lordship whether he dealt so

filainly with her majesty as the importance and his knowedge of these things required, and warmly urged him to interpose in the present alarming crisis. But it does not appear what effect this letter produced.+

John Hooke was minister at Wroxall in Warwickshire, but was suspended in 1583 for nonconformity. This was doubtless for refusing subscription to Whitgift's three articles. He continued a long time under the ecclesiastical sentence, and whether he was ever restored is rather doubtful. His annual stipend was only 5l. 6s. Sd.i

Joseph Nicholls was minister in Kent, a laborious and faithful servant of Christ, endowed with great piety and rich ministerial accomplishments. In 1583 he was suspended for refusing subscription to Whitgift's three articles, when he united with his brethren, the ministers of Kent, in addressing the archbishop for relief.* He is styled " the ringleader of the puritans."t

John Harbison was vicar of Iliston in Cambridgeshire, and a conscientious nonconformist. For refusing subscription to Whitgift's articles he was twice warned, by virtue of his canonical obedience, to subscribe, but he still refused. In the end, when sentence should have been inflicted upon him, the commission was called in; and so he continued vicar of Histon, without observing the order of the Book of Common Prayer 4

William Fleming was rector of Beccles in Suffolk, but because he could not, with a good conscience, subscribe to Whitgift's articles, he endured frequent molestation in the ecclesiastical courts, and at length, July 23, 1584, was suspended and deprived by Bishop Scambler. This is attested by Richard Skinner, the bishop's register.^

James Goswell was a puritan minister of considerable eminence, most probably, at Bolton in Lancashire, who corresponded with the venerable Mr. Anthony Gilby, of Ashbyde-la-Zouch in Leicestershire. Two of his fetters we have seen; and though they are without date, they were evidently written about the year 1584. In the latter, written from Bolton, he says, " I have no news to write out of this county. Here are great store of Jesuits, seminaries, masses, and plenty of whoredom. The first sort our sheriff courseth pretty well. Other good news is, that the Bishop of Canterbury has not yet, God be thanked, stung us with his articles, which in the south parts have so great power, that, by report, they have quenched the Lord's lights nearly to the number of two hundred."^

• See Art. Dudley Fenner.

t MS. Register, p. 389.—Sirype'i Whitgifl, p. 140.

t Baker's MS. Collcc. vol. zii. p. 211. \ MS. Register, p. 585,586.

D Baker'* MS. Collec. vol. uzii. p. 436, 487.

John Hopkins was the puritanical vicar of Nasing in Essex, to which he was preferred in 1570, but was afterwards persecuted for nonconformity. About the year 1584 he was deprived of his benefice, for refusing subscription to Whitgift's three articles.*

Thomas Farrar, minister of Langham in Essex, was charged with rebellion against the ecclesiastical laws, and suspended by Bishop's Aylmer's chancellor for not wearing the surplice. On receiving the ecclesiastical censure, he procured a letter from certain respectable persons, addressed to the bishop himself, soliciting his favour and the removal of the sentence. This letter he carried to his lordship at Fulham, November 14, 1586; when, after demanding his reasons for not wearing the surplice, he said to Mr. Farrar, "that except he and his companions would be conformable, he and his brethren the bishops, in good faith, would, in one quarter of a year, turn them all out of the church;" and dismissed him without relieving him from his suspension.t

John Oxenbridge, B.D. was minister at Southam in Warwickshire, and afterwards at Coventry, where he was celebrated for his great learning, piety, and usefulness. In 1576 he was convened before the high commission for nonconformity; but it does not appear what punishment was inflicted upon him.* About the year 1583 he was again called before his ecclesiastical judges, and suspended from his ministry. He was one of the heads of the associations; he subscribed the " Book of Discipline;" and ended his days among his friends at Coventry.$

Mr. Harsnet was a learned and pious divine of Pembroke-hall, Oxford, but was persecuted for nonconformity. In the year 1586 he was convened before the Bishop of Oxford, and cast into prison for refusing to wear the surplice; but how long he remained under confinement we cannot learn.||

• Newcourt's Repert. Eccl. vol. ii. p. *32.

-r MS. RegUter, p. 800, 805. t Strype's Grindal, p. 2IS.

', Clark'i Lives annexed to Martyrologie, p. 161.—Neal'i PuriUM, vol. i. p. 423. || MS. Register, p. 801.

Nicholas Williamson was minister of Castle-Ashby in Northamptonshire, but was suspended in the year 1586 for refusing subscription to Whitgift's three articles. He continued a long time under the sentence; and whether he was ever restored is uncertain.*

Mb. Gibson was rector of Ridlington in Rutlandshire, but often convened before the Bishop of Peterborough, and, about the year 1586, deprived of his living for refusing subscription to Whitgift's articles. Being driven from his flock and his benefice, lie, went to London, and entered a suit against the bishop; but with what success we have not been able to learn. Indeed, he had not much prospect of success in contending with oue of the persecuting prelates. Mr. Wilkinson and Mr. Wilbloud, two other ministers in the same county, were at the same time both suspended, when their livings were sequestered, and they were threatened with deprivation. But, laying their case before Sir Thomas Cecil, their worthy patron, he went himself to the archbishop, and procured an order to the bishop for their restoration.!

Mr. Horbocks, a worthy divine of puritan principles, was vicar of Kildwick in the West Riding of Yorkshire. In the year 1587 he was convened before the high commission of York, committed prisoner to the castle, and, having continued there for some time, was enjoined a public recantation, for the singular crime of suffering Mr. John Wilson, another puritan minister, to preach in his pulpit, though it was his native place.?

Sampson Sheffield, A. M. of Christ's college, Cambridge, was one of the preachers to the university. Having delivered a sermon, in the year 1587, containing certain erroneous and scandalous positions, as they arc called, he was convened before his ecclesiastical judges, though it does not appear what punishment was inflicted upon him. These positions were the following:—" That it is unlawful for a minister of the gospel to be a civil magistrate.—That in the present troubles about conformity, brethren conspire against

* MS. Register, p. SOS. t Ibid. p. 714. $ Ibid. p. 787.

brethren.—And he denounced a woe against' him who had lately put out some lights that were used to shine in Cambridge."*

Richard Gardiner was a puritan divine of considerable repute in the university of Cambridge; who, in 1583, united with other learned divines in warmly requesting Mr. Cartwright to answer the lthemist Translation of the New Testament. In 1587 he often met with the nonconformists at (heir Jrivate assemblies in London, Cambridge, and other places.+ t does not appear whether he was anynelation to Mr. John Gardiner, another puritan divine.

Mr. Kendal was a learned and peaceable divine, of a holy life and conversation, and one of the public readers in the university of Oxford; but he could not in conscience subscribe and observe the ceremonies, yet he refrained from speaking against them. He was, therefore, suspended by Archbishop Whitgift. The lord treasurer interceded with the archbishop for his restoration, in a letter dated April 21, 1590, in which' he speaks of Mr. Kendal in terms of the highest commendation, and earnestly prays his grace to restore him to his ministerial exercise, at least till he was found guilty of disturbing the peace of the church. "But," our author adds, " 1 do.not fmd what success he had with the archbishop."*

Ezekiel Culverwell, educated in Emanuel college, Cambridge, was some time rector of Stambridge in Essex ,^ and afterwards vicar of Felsted in the same county. When in the latter situation he was prosecuted for nonconformity. In the year 1583 he was suspended by Bishop Ayhner, for not wearing the surplice.|| He was a man of great piety and excellent ministerial abilities, and instrumental in the conversion of the celebrated Dr. William Gouge, when a boy at school. His sister was the doctor's mother.1 He is classed

among the learned writers of Emanuel college;* and was author of" A Treatise of Faith," 1633; also, " A ready Way to Remember the Scriptures," 1637.

Mr. Bernhere was fellow in the university of Cambridge, where he received his education. He, like many of his puritanical brethren, scrupled the episcopal ordination of the national church, and went abroad, when he was ordained in one of the foreign reformed churches. About the year 1590, his claim to his fellowship was disputed in the university, because he was not a minister according to the church of England; but it does not appear whether he suffered 'deprivation. Upon his appearance before the governing ecclesiastics, Mr. Alvey very zealously defended his cause, and boldly maintained, that he was as good a minister as any there present.+

George Newton was the puritan minister at Barnwell in Northamptonshire. He never wore the surplice, nor used the cross in baptism, nor allowed the use of the ring in marriage, nor would he permit the oldest of his parishioners to come to the Lord's supper till they had passed his examination. Mr. Newton having spoken in a public discourse on the afflictions of the righteous, observed, that the proceedings of the bishops in the suspension of worthy ministers were tyrannical; for which he was accused to those in authority. When he appeared before his superiors, and was required to explain his meaning, he said that he meant this of anlkhristian bishops.%

John Allison was fellow in the university of Cambridge, and afterwards minister at the place mentioned in the last article, but was suspended in 1583, for refusing subscription to Whitgift's articles. He afterwards served the cure of Horningsheath in Suffolk, where he was again suspended by Dr. Legg; and it is added, that, although he was in neither case absolved, he still continued to preach .$

William Bourne was fellow in the above university; but, upon liis entrance into the ministerial office, he scrupAed subscription to Whitgift's articles. He sought to be ordained by the Bishop of Chester, but without success, because he could not in conscience subscribe. He then waited upon his lordship of Peterborough, and was in like manner repelled. At last he made application to the Bishop of St. Asaph, when it seems he gained admittance without subscribing to what he did not believe. 'Die following persons, all fellows in die university of Cambridge, were nonconfonnable to the orders of the church: Mr. Thomas Bindes, Mr. James Crowther, Mr. William Peachy, Mr. John Cupper, and Mr. Sparke.*

William Smythurst was beneficed at Sherrington in Buckinghamshire; but was convened before the high commission, and deprived of his living on account of his nonconformity. This was about the year 1595, when the Earl of Essex, his great friend, repeatedly applied to the lord keeper for his restoration, but apparently without the least success. In one of these applications, he affirms, that Mr. Smythurst had by various methods been molested, and wrongfully pursued, by the governing ecclesiastics.t

Mr. Aderstf.u, the puritanical minister of Gosberton in Lincolnshire, was tried in the year 1596, at the public assizes before Judge Anderson, who treated him with great cruelty. He had some years before been a great sufferer in the high commission at Lambeth, by silencing, deprivation, and other ecclesiastical censures, but was afterwards pardoned and restored. Being accused of die same things before Anderson, he was treated worse than a dog; and the good man could not obtain his release without entering into bonds and suffering other grievances.t

Mr. B. Bridger was a poor persecuted nonconformist minister; who, March 31, 1603, presented a petition to the house of commons, complaining of the tyrannical proceedings of the ruling ecclesiastics, and praying for a redress of his grievances; which was no sooner read than he was immediately sent a prisoner to the Tower. Being pressed at his examination to confess whether any other persons were concerned in this petition, he refused to answer; lest, as he said, he should bring others into trouble as well as himself. His petition is entered in the commons'journal.*

• Baker's MS. Colli-c. vol. xii. p. 211. t Ibid. vol. xr. p. 1T9.

t Strype'a Annals, vol. iv. p. £66, 267.

Thomas Newhouse, B. D. was educated in Christ's college, Cambridge, and chosen fellow of the house. He afterwards became minister of St. Andrew's church, Norwich, where he proved himself to be a learned and pious divine. Being, it is supposed, in some trouble for nonconformity, he sent his " Theses about Things Indifferent," to Bishop Jegon, his diocesan, in 1606. He was author of a volume of Sermons, published in 1614.+ One T. N. wrote an " Account of Church Discipline," and an "Answer to the. Archbishop's twenty-one Articles," copies of which are still preserved. This was probably the same person.}

Thomas Edmunds, B. D. was a puritan minister of distinguished eminence, and a person of great moderation. He was a member of the presbytery erected at Wandswbrth in 1573 ;§ and about the same time he was cast i»to prison, it is said, " for the testimony of the truth."|| Afterwards he subscribed the " Book of Discipline." Being convened before the high commission and the star-chamber, in 1590, he took the oath ex officio, and discovered the associations.*; In the year 1585 he became rector of Alhallows, Bread-street, London, which he kept to the end of his days. He died at a very great age, towards the close of the year 1610. Mr. Richard Stock, another worthy puritan, was his assistant while he lived, and his successor when he died.**

Stephen Goughe, A. B. of Magdalen college, Oxford, but afterwards the puritanical rector of Stanmer in Essex. According to Wood, " he was a good logician, and an excellent disputant, but a very severe puritan." He was eminent for training up several famous scholars, among

• MS. Remarks, p. 551. + MS. Chronology, vol. ii. p. 657. (10.)

t MS. Register, p 423, 447. t, Fuller's Church Hut. b. ix. p. 103.

I! Baker's MS. Collec. vol. xxxii. p. 443. 1! Bancroft's Dangerous Positions, p. 77.

** Newcourl's Report. Eccl. vol. i. p. 246.—Clark's Lives annexed to Martyr, p. 62.

whom was Dr. Robert Harris, another puritan divine, and some time president of Trinity college, Oxford. Mr. Goughe was living m lQlO.*

Robert Cleaver was minister at Drayton in Oxfordshire, but silenced by Archbishop Bancroft for nonconformity. In the year 1571, Mr. Thomas Merburie of Christ's college, Cambridge, left a legacy in his last will and testament "to that grave and learned man, Mr. Cleaver."+ He was a most pious, excellent, and useful preacher. Mr. Clark styles him " a godly minister, a bright shining star, and a very able textman."* He died about the year 1613.$ He was author of" An Exposition on the last chapter of Proverbs." Mr. Cleaver and Mr. Dod were joint authors of " An Exposition on the ten Commandments," for which they were usually called decalogists. They also published " The Patrimony of Christian Children," containing a defence of infant-baptism, with some strictures on the sentiments of the baptists.

Robert Mandevill, A. M. was'born in Cumberland, in the year 1578, and educated first in Queen's college, then at Edmund's-hall, Oxford. In the year 1607, he was elected vicar of Abby Holm in his native county. Although he met with great opposition in this place, yet, by his zealous and frequent preaching, his exemplary and pious life, he was successful in propagating the gospel. He shewed himself a zealous enemy to popery and all profaneness. He dissuaded his parishioners from keeping markets on the Lord's day, and from the observation of profane sports. According to Wood, "he was accounted a great man, a hard student, a laborious preacher, a zealous and religious puritan." He died at Abby Holm in 1618, aged forty years. He was author of "Timothy's Task, being two Sermons preached in two synodical Assemblies at Carlisle," 1619; and " Theological Discourses."d

author of a work entitled, " An Exposition of the xiii. chap, of the Revelations of Jesus Christ," 1619- This came out after his death, in which the publisher observes, that it was the author's desire and purpose to have published a work upon the whole of Revelation, but was prevented through the malice of the prelates, who several times spoiled him of his goods, and kept him many years in prison. A minister of the same name was A. M. and rector of Babcary in Somersetshire, in the year 1587; but whether he was the same person it is difficult to say.*

John Morton was one of Mr. John Smyth's disciples at Amsterdam, from whom he received baptism by immersion. He afterwards came to England, was a zealous preacher of the sentiments of the general baptists, and a sufferer in the cause of nonconformity. He was contemporary with Mr. Helwisse, and a popular preacher in the city of London.+ He is supposed to have been the author of a book entitled, "Truth's Champion," a work in high repute among those of his own persuasion.t

Mr. Hubbard was a learned divine, and episcopally ordained, but afterwards he separated from the church of England. A congregation of separatists having been formed in Southwark, London, in the year 1621, he was chosen to the office of pastor. The pastor and members of this church resolving afterwards upon a removal, most probably on account of the oppressions of persecution, accompanied him to Ireland, where he died. Having lost their pastor, they returned to their native country, and settled in the vicinity of London, choosing the famous Mr. John Canne for their pastor.$

John Yates, B..D. was fellow of Emanuel college, Cambridge, and afterwards minister of St. Andrew's in the city of Norwich.|| About the year 1625, Dr. Montague having published his Appello ad Casarem, declaring himself in favour of arminianism, and making dangerous advances towards popery, Mr. Yates answered it in a work entitled, Ibis ad Casarem, which lie performed in a learned manner.* He was a divine ef puritan principles, and is classed among the learned writers and fellows of Emanuel -college.t He was author of " The Saints' Sufferings and the Sinners' Sorrows," 1631.

• Wood's Athene, vol. i. p. 816. + Bailie's Anabaptism, p. 93.

X Crosby's Baptists, vol. i. p. 276—278. "< Ibid. p. 163, 164.

jj Wood's Athena: O.ion. vol. i. p. 442.

John Frewen was the puritanical rector of Nordian in Sussex, a learned divine, and a constant preacher. He died towards the close of the year 1627, when his remains were interred in his own church.f He was father to Accepted Frewen, archbishop of York. The son was at first inclined to puritanism, but, upon his introduction to the court, and obtaining some preferment, it soon wore off. He afterward* expended j£20,000 in repairing and beautifying the cathedral of Lichfield, part of which was at his own charge, the rest was raised by contribution.^ Mr. Frewen was author of "Fruitful Instructions and necessary Doctrine, to Edifie in the Fear of God," 1587.—" Fruitful Instructions for the general cause of Reformation, against the Slanders of the Pope and League," 1589-—"Certain choice Grounds and Principles of our Christian Religion, with their several Expositions, by way of questions and answers," 1621.

Francis Bright was a minister of puritan principles, trained up under the excellent Mr. John Davenport. In the year 1629 he accompanied Mr. Higginson and Mr. Skelton to New England; and upon his arrival settled with several of his friends at Charlestown.ff

Mr. Udney was lecturer on a Lord's day afternoon at Ashford in Kent, enjoying a benefice in the neighbourhood. Ashford is said to have been the most factious town (the most addicted to nonconformity) in all Kent; and that Mr. Udney was invited there by factious persons, such as were registered in the high commission for holding conventicles. He had, however, the king's recommendation to the place; but is charged with having always preached con

> Fuller's Church Hilt. b. xi. p. 181. t Fuller'! Hist of Cam. p. 147. J Wood's Arht-n:r, vol. ii. p. 663, 664. if Le Neve's Lives, vol. i. part i. p. 236.

I Prince's Chron. Hist. vol. i. p. 183, 184.—Morse and Parish's Hilt. p. 36.

trary to his majesty's instructions, and with holding a benefice near the place, at which, for the space of ten years, he had never constantly resided.* Therefore, about the year 1G29, by the particular instigation of Bishop Laud, he was suspended for nonconformity; but Archbishop Abbot presently restored him to his ministry, and inhibited the archdeacon from his jurisdiction; which, says our author, exposed all who acted in it to scorn and contempt.f

Samuel Blacklock was preacher to a baptist congregation in London. A number of pious persons about the metropolis having espoused the sentiments of the baptists, could not be satisfied that any person in England was suitable to administer the ordinance of baptism; but hearing that some in the Netherlands baptized by immersion, they agreed to send over one Mr. Richard Blount, who understood the Dutch language, to receive baptism at their hands. He accordingly went, carrying letters of recommendation with him, and was kindly received both by the church there, and by Mr. John Batte their teacher. On his return, he baptized Mr. Blacklock the minister, and these two baptized the rest of the company, to the number of fifty-three. The generality of English baptists, however, accounted all this as needless trouble, and as founded on the old popish doctrine, that an uninterrupted succession is requisite to the proper administration of the sacraments.£

Mr. Bradstrket, born of a wealthy family in Suffolk, was one of the first fellows of Emanuel college, Cambridge, and highly esteemed by persons distinguished for learning. In die year 1603 he appears to have been minister at Hobling in Lincolnshire, but was always a nonconformist to the church of England. He was afterwards preacher to the English congregation at Middleburg, where he was most

(>robably driven by the severity of persecution. He was iving about the year 1630. The first planters of New England had the highest respect for him, and used to style him, "The venerable Mordecai of his country." He was father to the celebrated Simon Bradstreet, governor of New England, who died in 1697, aged ninety-four years."$

• Prynne's Cant. Doome, p. 373.

+ Hey tin's Life of Laud, p. 801.

t Crmby'i Baptists, vol. i. p. 103, 103.

% Mather's Hist, of New Eng. b. ii. p. 19.

Mr. Crowd Er, vicar of Veil in Surrey, was a pious man, and a frequent preacher, but endured cruel persecution. About the year 1631 he was committed close prisoner to Newgate for sixteen w^roeks, and then deprived of his living by the high commission, without any articles, witness, or other proof brought against him. It was, indeed, pretended that he had spoken some treasonable words in the pulpit; but the truth was, he preached twice on a Lord's day too near the court, which at that time was not conformable to the oppressive measures of the ruling prelates.*

Samuel Skelton was a pious and zealous minister in Lincolnshire, but much harassed and persecuted for nonconformity. In the year 16C<) lie accompanied Mr. Higginson and others to New England. Arriving in the Massachusets bay, they settled at Naumkeak," which they called Saiem, where their first work was the formation of a christian church. Having on this occasion appointed a day of solemn fasting and prayer, Mr. Skelton was chosen pastor, and Mr. Higginson teacher.t Mr. Skelton survived his colleague, and, after enduring many painful hardships, entered into the joy of his Lord, August 2, l634.f He was a man endow^red with a strong faith, a most heavenly conversation, and was well furnished with ministerial abilities.!)

Humphrey Barnet was minister at Upp'mgton in Shropshire, where he and Mr. Wright of Wellington were accounted the first puritans- in the county, for no other reason than their sedulous preaching and their sober and pious lives, though at that time they were both conformable to the estabblished church. He was a celebrated preacher, and much admired by the country people, who flocked to hear him twice every Lord's day, a practice then not very common. When the Book of Sports came forth, instead of reading it, he preached against it; for which he was cited to appear before the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, and forced to leave the diocese. Being driven from the people of his charge, he removed into Lancashire, where he closed his labours and sufferings, probably about the year 16S4.|| Mr. Joshua Barnet, silenced in 1662, was his son.!

* Huntley's Prelates' Usurpations, p. 161.

+ Prince^rs Chron. Hist. vol. i. p. 183,189.

| Mather's Hist, of New En;, b. iii. p. 76. ^ Hist, of Mew Eng. p. 83.

|| Calttmy's Contin. vol. ii. p. 72fi.

1 Palmer's Noncon. Mem. vol. iii. p. 150.

Mr. Bropf.t was a zealous puritan minister, but shamefully persecuted by the intolerant prelates. For preaching against protane sports on the Lord's day, and some other instances 01 nonconformity, he, together with many others, was, about the year 1(534, prosecuted in the ecclesiastical courts, subjected to heavy lines, and suspended or degraded from his ministry.*

Richard Denton, a pious and learned man, was born in Yorkshire, and afterwards preacher at Halifax in that county. Having laboured at this place for some time, and with good success, the storm of persecution which drove multitudes out of the kingdom, forced him to New England; where first at Wethersfield, then at Stamford, " his doctrine dropt as the rain, his speech distilled as the dew, as the small rain on the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass." He was a little man, but he had a great soul, and a wellaccomplished mind; and, though he had but one eye, he had a deep insight into those things which eye hath not seen.t

John Vincent was born in the west of England, and died in the rich living of Sedgfield, in the county of Durham. It is observed of this excellent man, that he was so harassed and tossed about for his nonconformity, that, though he had many children, no two of them were born in the same county. He was living in the year 16344 Mr. Thomas and Mr. Nathaniel Vincent, both ejected nonconformists, were his sons.*)

John Trask was born in Somersetshire, and afterwards removed to London, where he discovered his zeal for nonconformity. He opposed the observance of the first day of the week, maintaining the obligation of the fourth commandment, and the necessity of keeping the seventh day as the sabbath of the Lord. For these opinions, he was, about the year 1655, convened before the tribunal of the star-chamber, and sentenced to be set in the pillory at Westminster, and to be whipt from thence to the Fleet, where he was ordered to

• Huntley's Prelates' Usurpations, p. 175.
+ Mather's Hist, of New Eng. b. iii. p. 95.
t Calamy's Contiu. Toi. i. p. SO.
$ Palmer's Noncon. Mem. vol. i, p. 155, 304.

remain a prisoner. It is said, that about three years after he wrote a recantation of his schismatical errors.*

Adam Blackman was a pious and useful preacher, first in Leicestershire, then in Derbyshire. But having endured the severity of persecution in his native country, he went to New England, and settled first at Guildford, then at Stratford in the new colony. Many pious friends accompanied him from England, who said to him, " Entreat us not to leave you, or to return from following after you. For whither you go, we will go; and your God shall be our God." He was a man of great holiness, a plain and profitable preacher, and a most worthy divine. He went to New England probably about the year l636.r

Thomas Warren was a puritan minister, and some time curate at St. Lawrence's church, Ipswich. On account of his nonconformity, he was admonished by Bishop Wren's chancellor to observe the good orders of the church, and to certify his obedience on a future court-day: but, to avoid suspension, he gave up his curacy and left the place. It is observed, that he had no license to preach in the diocese of Norwich, nor had he produced his orders. He is charged with neglecting all the orders of the church and the rules of divine service, and with having quoted many dangerous passages in the pulpit, tending to the disparagement of the state and disquiet of the people. He was, therefore, cited to appear before the bishop; but, having left the town and removed into Bedfordshire, he heard no more of it. J

William Hf.rrington was some time curate at St. Nicholas's church, Ipswich, where he met with similar usage as Mr. Warren, mentioned in the preceding article. He was admonished by his diocesan's chancellor to observe the good orders of the church, and to certify his obedience on a future court-day: but, to avoid further trouble, he resigned his curacy. It is insinuated, that he and Mr. Warren, after they were admonished, raised a great clamour, and deserted their cures : and it is added, that they refused to observe the orders

• Panel's HeresioRraphy, p. 161, 184. Edit. 1668. t Maker's Hisi. of New England, b. iii. p. 94. -\ $ Wren's Paralalia, p. 96, 97.

of the church only through fear of losing the means of their support, and not from any dislike to them.* This, however, is exceedingly improbable. They were certainly in greater danger of losing their cures and support by refusing the ecclesiastical orders, than by a universal conformity.

Nicholas Beard was a puritanical curate in one of the churches in Ipswich, but suspended by the intolerant proceedings of Bishop Wren. The principal cause for which he was thus censured was his refusal to produce his letters of orders and his license to serve the cure. This tyrannical prelate, it is said, was not hasty to restore him, because he had some years before overheard him inveigh very bitterly in his sermon against the state, and against a noble earl and great officer of the realm. His lordship was also informed, that Mr. Beard was of a very turbulent spirit, and was suspected of having been the secret promoter of a riot committed by a dangerous concourse of mean people against the bishop himself.* Had he been suspected of so atrocious a crime, he ought to have been tried in a court of justice; and, if proved guilty by a regular course of law, to have been punished according to his deserts. But guilty or not guilty, his lordship, without waiting the formality of law, was determined to stop his mouth.

William Green was curate of Bromholm, but, about the year 1636, was suspended by Bishop Wren for nonconformity. It is said that many defects were found in him, particularly his refusal to wear the clerical habit. This was certainly his greatest defect. Afterwards, however, upon his submission, he was absolved, and only his license to preach taken from him, for being illiterate and formerly a man of trade.}

William Powell was minister in the diocese of Norwich, and suspended or deprived by the arbitrary proceedings of Bishop Wren. It is said he was treated thus " for many defects against the canons, and had absolution soon after granted to his proctor, without coming for it himself." Mr.

• Wren's Parcntalia, p. 96. T Ibid. p. 94.

£ Ibid. p. 96.

Richard Raymund, another puritan minister, experienced similar treatment, on account of his nonconformity.*

William Kent was minister in the city of Norwich, and suspended for his nonconformity. It is observed, " that Bishop Wren's chancellor suspended him about ten o'clock in the forenoon, and absolved him before three in the afternoon of the same day, without receiving any fee for his admission." He died soon after his troubles. Messrs. Hudson, Brown, Mott, Ward, and many others, were among the great sufferers from Bishop Wren's intolerant proceedings.+

Mr. Davenish, minister of Bridgwater in Somersetshire, was suspended by Bishop Pierce of Bath and Welis, about the year 1636, for preaching a lecture in his own church on a market day, though it had continued ever since the time of Queen Elizabeth; and he refused to absolve him till after he had faithfully promised to preach it no more. When his lordship absolved him upon this promise, he said, Go thy xcayi sin no more, lest a worse thing befall thee. This tyrannical prelate put down all the lectures in his diocese as factious and nurseries of puritanism, and said, I Thank

GOD, I HAVE NOT ONE LECTURE LEFT IN MY DIOCESE,

hating the very name.} He enjoined Mr. Humphrey Blake, churchwarden of Bridgwater, to do penance, because he bad not presented Mr. Davenish for expounding the church catechism on the Lord's day afternoon, and using a short prayer before he entered upon that exercise. "This," said his lordship, " was against his orders and commands."$

Mr. Barret was rector of Barwick in Somersetshire, but prosecuted by Bishop Pierce for refusing to observe his oppressive injunctions. This divine, and many others, instructed their parishioners in the principles of religion by catechizing them on a Lord's day afternoon; for which they were sharply reproved by this prelate, and threatened to be severely punished if they persisted in the practice. His

• Wren's Parental ia, p. 94.—Rushworth's Collcc. Toi. iii. p. 353.

t Ibid. p. 94, 95.—Riuhworth't Coll. r. vol. iii. p. 353.

X PrynnrV Cant. Doom-, p. 377.

S Impeachnum of Bp. Pierce, p. 3, t.—Prynnc's Cant. Doonie, p. 378.

lordship said, "That this was catechizing sermon-wise, and As Bad As Preaching." He also charged them, " That they should not ask any other questions, nor receive any other answers from the people, than those contained in the Book of Common Prayer." Those who refused to obey his lordship were convened before him, and punished for their disobedience; among whom was Mr. Barret, who, as the reward of his transgression, was commanded to do penance.*

Mr. Salisbury was a pious and zealous divine, and an avowed enemy to popery and arminianism. In the warmth of his zeal for the welfare of Zion, in his sermon on Matt, xxiv. 6., he made use of the following expressions:—" How many thousands have made shipwreck of faith and a good conscience, renounced our true church, stept aside to arminianism, and from thence, being the widest gate open to Rome, relapsed to popery! Thus are we scattered in our Jacob, and divided in our Israel. The Low Countries not long since, if not still, sighed as deeply, and mourned as strongly, rinding themselves overgrown with arminianism. And what a faction is likely to be in our deplorable England, between popery and arminianism together, except God- be more merciful, and our state more vigilant and mindful! We shall see sooner than tell, and feel sooner than see."—For only using these expressions, the good man was convened before Archbishop Laud, and endured other troubles.t

Mr. Jeffryes was some time preacher in the diocese of Bristol, but driven from his place by the oppressions of the times. Archbishop Laud gives the following account of him :—" In the diocese of Bristol, in 1638, the bishop found out one Jeffryes, who commonly administered the blessed sacrament of the Eucharist, being either not in holy orders at all, or at least not a priest. As soon as he was discovered he slipt out of the diocese; and the bishop thinks, that he now serves in a peculiar under the dean and chapter of Wells." The archbishop then adds, " I will send thither to know the certainty, and See the abuse punished, if I can light upon the person ."X

• Impeachment, p. 4.—Prynne's Cant. Doome, p. 378.

+ Ibid. p. 362. % Wharton't Trouble! of Laud. »•!. i. p. iii.

Henry Page was the pious vicar of Ledbury in H« fordshire, who, in the year 1638, was complained of to Archbishop Laud, and prosecuted in the high commission for refusing to read the Book of Sports. But that which proved an aggravation of his crime, was his uttering the following opprobrious and disgraceful expressions, as they were called: "Is it not as lawful to pluck at a cart-rope on the sabbath day, as at a bell-rope? Is it not as lawful for a weaver to shoot his shuttle on the sabbath-day, as for a man to shoot his bow? And is it not as lawful for a woman to spin at her wheel, or for a man to go to his plough, as for a man to dance that devilish dance ?"•

Ralph Smith was a minister of puritan principles, who, in the year 1629, to escape the seventies of persecution, fled to New England. He accompanied Mr. Higginson and the first planters of the Massachusets colony.t He settled for a short time at Natasco, but was afterwards chosen pastOT of the church at Plymouth, to which office he was separated by fasting and prayer, with the imposition of hands from the elders of the church. He was a grave man, of a good understanding, and much beloved by his people. For the space of two years he had Mr. Roger Williams for his assistant.; He was living as pastor of this church in the year 1638.^

Ephkaim Hewet was minister of Wroxhall in Warwickshire, but persecuted for nonconformity. Archbishop Laud, in the account of his province in 1638, says, " He hath taken upon him to keep fasts in his parish, by his own appointment, and hath contemned the decent ceremonies commanded by the church. My lord the Bishop of Worcester proceeds against him, and intends either to reform or punish him."||

Dr. Jenningson, the pious lecturer at Newcastle-uponTyne, was much persecuted for nonconformity. In the year 1639, by the instigation of Archbishop Laud, he was

• Pryune's Cant. Doome, p. 149, 150.

+ Prince's Chron. Hist. vol. i. p. 183.

J Ibid. p. 188, 189.—Neat's Hist, of New Eng. vol. i. p. 115,141.

^ Morton's Memorial, p. 108.

|; Wharton's Troubles of Laud, vol. i. p. 554.

questioned in the high commission at York. The articles of his examination, together with the doctor's answers, were sent to Lambeth, for the archbishop's consideration. This was going the sure way to work. And the good man was so cruelly harassed in the various ecclesiastical courts, that he was obliged to quit the place, and the kingdom too; when, to avoid the fury of his tyrannical persecutors, he fled to New England.*

John Jemmet, lecturer at Berwick-upon-Tweed, was barbarously handled for his nonconformity. The outstretched arm and tyrannical oppressions of Archbishop Laud, were carried so far north. For, in December, 1639, he caused the Bishop of Durham to apprehend him by a pursuivant, to silence him from preaching any more at Berwick, and to banish him from the town, without any article or witness ever being examined against him.i

John Stoughton, D. D. was fellow of Emanuel college, Cambridge, where he most probably received his education. He is classed among the learned writers and fellows of that college, and is denominated a pious and learned divine.J He was rector of St. Mary's church, Aldermanbury, London; where he succeeded the excellent Dr. Thomas Taylor. Here, for the space of seven years, he was a laborious, orthodox,and useful preacher; but having occasionally touched upon the popish and arminian innovations, he was, by the instigation of Laud, prosecuted in the high commission.$ He died in the year l6."9, when he was succeeded by Mr. Edmund Calamy, the ejected nonconformist.|| He was author of " Choice Sermons," 1640.—" Heavenly Conveisation, and the Natural Man's Condition," 1640.—" A Form of Sound Words, with the Righteous Man's Plea to true Happiness."

Mb. Burchell was minister at St. Martin's, Micklegate, York, where he was much esteemed by persons of piety. Previous to the civil wars, when the nonconformists were severely persecuted, he was a zealous puritan, and kept conventicles in the house of Dr. Scott, dean of York, though unknown to him. The doctor being much addicted to cards and other games, had not the least concern about puritanism. But Mrs. Scott, the dean's wife, being much inclined to conventicles, her house was chosen not only as the most convenient place, but the most secret and secure in those perilous times. Lady Bethell, with other persons of quality, and those in meaner circumstances, united in these private religious exercises.*

* MS. Remarks, p. 901.—Prvnne'i Cant. Doome, p. 382. + Ibid.

t Fuller's Hist, of Cam. p. 147.—Leigh on Religion and Learning, p. 330. S Pryune's Cant. Doome, p. 362. )) Palmer's Noncon, Mem. Tol. i. p. 77.

Thomas Scott was a zealous puritan minister in the diocese of Norwich, but suspended for nonconformity. He was under the ecclesiastical censure, said Bishop Wren, when he first entered personally into the diocese; and, with all tender and respectful usage, he absolved him for three months, then for six months, and, at the expiration of that period, for eight or nine months longer. During this period, Mr. Scott sent his lordship several letters, expressing his grateful acknowledgments of these favours. After all, it seems extremely doubtful whether he was ever fully restored to his ministry. He died in the year 1640.+ There were two ministers of the same name, who lived about this time; but it is difficult to say whether either of them was this Mr. Scott.*

William Madstard was a pious minister at Bridgnorth in Shropshire, where, towards the close of life, he had the celebrated Mr. Richard Baxter for his assistant. He. was a nonconformist, particularly in refusing to wear the surplice and the use of the cross in baptism; but a man of an exemplary christian character. Mr. Baxter denominates him " a worthy pastor, a grave and severe divine, very honest and conscientious, and an excellent preacher;" but adds, " he was deeply afflicted with a dead-hearted, unprofitable people." He died, together with his wife, of a malignant fever, in the month of July, 1641, at an advanced age. Mr. Baxter preached his funeral sermon.(|

• MS. Chronology, vol. iii. A. D. 1640. p. 12. + Wren's Parental ia, p. 94.

J Wood's Athenae Oxon. vol. i. p. 846.—Granger's Diof, Hist. t»l. i. p. 367.

$ Silvester's Life of Baxter, part i. p. 15, 20.

Mr. Cooper was the pious rector of Alton in Hampshire. In the year 1634 he was suspended by Dr. Rone and Sir John Lamb, visitors to Archbishop Laud, for refusing to read the Book of Sports; and he continued under the cruel sentence about seven years. 'In 1641, his case being laid before the house of commons, it was resolved, " That his suspension was illegal; that the sentence should be taken off; that he should be restored to his living; and that Dr. Rone and Sir John Lamb ought to make him reparations for the damages he had sustained."*

Edmund Small was minister at Holm in Lincolnshire, but persecuted in the high commission and deprived of his benefice. In the year 1641, having remained a long time under the ecclesiastical censure, his case was laid before the house of commons; and, after due examination, it was resolved, " That the sentence of his deprivation was illegal; and that he should be restored to his living."+

Mr. Smith was suspended by Sir John Lamb; and having remained a long time under the sentence, his case, in the year 1641, was laid before the house of commons. After due examination, the house resolved, "That he had been illegally suspended; and that Sir John Lamb ought to give him reparation and satisfaction for his damages sustained by that suspension/'^

, John Spencer was an unordained and popular preacher in the city of London; for which he was brought into trouble, with several others, in the year 1641. It is said that one Robinson, a clerk in the custom-house; John Spencer, a horse-courser; Adam Banks, a stocking seller; John Durant, and one Greene, being complained of for their lay-preaching, were summoned to appear before the house of commons. On their appearance, the speaker reprimanded and threatened them, saying, "That the house had a general distaste to their proceedings; and that, if they should offend in like manner in future, the house would take care that they were severely punished."^ It does not, however, appear whether Mr. Spencer and his brethren obeyed this order. He is classed among the zealous sectaries; and Edwards says, he was formerly Lord Brook's coachman, and an early preacher.*

* Nalson's Collection, vol. ii. p. 454. t Ibid. p. 446.

J Ibid. p. 319. •• .. Ml»iJ-?• 26a, 270.

Hannibal Gammon, A. M. was born in the city of London, in 1585, and educate\Vin Broadgates-hall, Oxford. He was afterwards beneficed at Maugan in Cornwall, where he became a very popular preacher. On the commencement of the civil war he espoused the cause of the parliament, and was chosen one of the assembly of divines. Wood says, "he was much followed by the puritanical party for his edifying and practical preaching."t He was author of "An Assize Sermon," 1621.—" A Sermon at Lady Roberts's Funeral," 1627-—" Praise of a Godly Woman, a Wedding Sermon," 1627.—" God's Smiting to Amendment, an Assize Sermon," 1629

Mr. Wainwrtght was abeneficed minister in the county of Suffolk; but he resigned his living, worth two hundred pounds a year, on account of his nonconformity. He would not hold his benefit any longer, because he deemed it antichristian; and after he had given it up, he said, " I have ever since asked God forgiveness for holding it." According to my author, he boasted that he had pulled down the bishops, and that he would do the same by the presbyterians.f

John Sims was a minister of the baptistpersuasion, who preached at Hampton. In a journey to Taunton he was prevailed upon to preach in the parish church of Middlesoy. This gave so much offence to the dominant party, that he was seized by virtue of the act against unordained ministers; and the letters which he was to deliver to some pious friends were taken from him. These, with his exammation, were sent to London, by way of complaint against him, and printed. The charges specified in the examination were, his preaching when unordained, and denying infant-baptism. He acknowledged the latter, and pleaded against the former, that, " as Peter was called to preach, so was he."$

John Foxcroft, A. M. was educated in Magdalen-hall, Oxford, and afterwards minister at Gotham in Nottinghamshire; where, according to Wood, he continued a puritanical preacher several years. Upon the commencement of the civil war, he joined the parliament, was molested by the royal party, and chosen one of the assembly of divines, and he constantly attended. Removing to London, he became a frequent preacher in the city; and he preached sometimes before the parliament. One of his sermons is entitled, "The Good of a Good Government, and Well-grounded Peace, being a Fast Sermon before the House of Commons, on Isa. xxxii. 1, 2."—1646.*

Ralph Marsden was a pious minister of puritan principles at West Kirby in Cheshire, where he was succeeded by Mr. John Murcot, another puritan, who married his daughters He died minister of Great Neston in the same county, January 30, 1648. He had four sons in the ministry; Samuel, Jeremiah, Gamaliel, and Josiah, all silenced nonconformists at the restoration. +

Nicholas Darton, A. B. was born in Cornwall, in 1603, and educated in Exeter college, Oxford. Having entered into holy orders, he became minister of Killesby in Northamptonshire. He was always accounted a puritan; so that, on the commencement of the civil war, he joined the presbyterians, and espoused the cause of the parliament.} He published "The true and absolute Bishop, with the Converts Return unto him," 1641.—" Ecclesia Anglicana; or, a clear and protestant Manifesto, as an evangelical Key sent to the Governor of Oxford, for the opening of the Church-doors there, that are shut up without prayers or preaching," 1649.—And " Several Sermons."

Henry Roborough was chosen one of the scribes to die assembly of divines, and, about the same time, appointed rector of St. Leonard's, East-cheap, London, which he held to his death.j| He was one of the committee of divines appointed to examine and ordain candidates for the ministry ;* and he united with his brethren, the London ministers, ia, their declaration against the king's death.* The profits ot printing the Directory being given to him and Mr. Byfield, the other scribe to the assembly, they are said to have sold the copy-right for several hundred pounds.+ Mr. Roborough died in the year 16j0, and was succeeded in his living by Mr. Matthew Barker, one of the silenced nonconformists in 1662.}

» Wood's Athene Oxoo. vol. i. p. 887. + Ibid. vol. ii. p. 112.

1 Palmer's Noncoo. Mem. vol. i. p. 340. iii. 491, 436,476. ( Wood's Athena;, vol. ii. p. 68. || Ibid. p. 116.

U Neal'i Puritaus, vol. iii. p. 140.

Abraham Peirson was born in Yorkshire, where be probably laboured in the ministry, but was driven by the severity of the times to New England. On his arrival, about the year 1640, he was invited to be first pastor of the church at Southampton on Long Island, where Vie continued about eight years. He then removed, with part of the church, to Brainford, where he probably continued the rest of his days. He left behind him the character of a pious and prudent man, and a true child of Abraham.^

Howel Vaughan was a pious minister, of the baptist denomination, in Wales. A baptist church having been formed at Olchon, about the year 1633, w^rhich is said to have been the first separate church in Wales, Mr. Vaughan, being one of its members, was chosen to the pastoral office. His name was Vaughan, but wrote by some Ychan, or Fychan, which is the Welsh spelling of Vaughan.g He attended the associations of ministers in the Principality; and his name is among those who signed the minutes of the association at Abergavenny, in the year l653.f

Robert Maton, A. M. was born at Tudworth in Wiltshire, in the year 1597, and educated at Wadham college, Oxford. Having entered upon the ministerial work, he was probably beneficed in his native county. He was a zealous millenarian; and upon the commencement of the civil wars, the press being open, he published his sentiments to the world in the following articles:—" Israel's Redemption; or, a Prophetical History of our Saviour's Kingdom on Earth," 1642.—" A Discourse of Gog and Magog, or the Battle of the Great Day of God Almighty," 164Q.—"A Comment on the twentieth chapter of Revelation," 1652.—" Israel's Redemption Redeemed; or, the Jews general and miraculous Conversion to the Faith of the Gospel, and Return to their own Land, and our Saviour's Personal Reign on Earth, proved from the Old and New Testament," 1646.—This he republished with additions, entitled, "A Treatise of the Fifth Monarchy; or, Christ's Personal Reign on Earth a Thousand Years with his Saints," 1655.*

• Calamy's Contin. vol. ii.p.743. + Fuller's Church HUt. b. xi. p.882.

X Palmer's Nonoon. Mem. vol. i. p. 146.

$ Mather's Hist, of New England, b. iii. p. 95.

y Thomas's MS. Materials, p. 11. I Thomas's MS. Hist. p. 45.

Peter Prtjdden was born in the year 1600, and afterwards preached in Herefordshire and on the borders of Wales, where God marvellously blessed his pious labours. But he was driven from his station by persecution, when he fled to New England, and was accompanied by many worthy persons. Upon their arrival, they settled for a short time at New-Haven, then removed to Milford, where he was chosen pastor of the church, and lived many years an example of piety, gravity, and christian zeal. He died about the year 1656, aged fifty-six years. He had a remarkable talent for softening and composing exasperated spirits, and for healing contentions.t

Robert Booth was a minister of puritan principles, and ornamented with a most excellent character. He was first curate at Sowerby in Yorkshire, then vicar of Halifax, where his remains were interred, July 28, 1657. "He was a man of that worth and excellency in learning and divinity, that he deserved the title of an A polios, and seemed, like Jeremiah and the baptist, to be separated from. the womb to the ministerial office; so temperate and healthful, so industrious and indefatigable in the labours of his study, and so divinely contemplative in the exercises of his mind, that he approved himself to be made up of virtue, being a stranger to all things but the service of heaven. When he spoke to his congregation from the pulpit, it was with that power of truth, and elegance of style, that he charmed, his hearers into love and admiration."! Mr. Ely Bentley, his assistant and successor at Halifax, was ejected in \Q6'2.§

» Wood's Athene Oxon. vol. ii. p. 123.
T Mather's Hist, of New Log. b. Hi. p. 93,94.
I Watson's Hist, of Halifax, p. 461. Edit. 1775.
5 Palmer's Noocon. Mem. vol. iii. p. 436.

Walter Rosewei.l, A. M. was a worthy puritan .minister, first in Friday-street, London, then at Chatham in Kent, where he died in the year 1658. One of his name, and probably the same person, was severely persecuted by Bishop Pierce.* He was a man of considerable eminence. Mr. Thomas Case preached his funeral sermon, and afterwards published it, entitled," Elijah's Abatement; or, Corruption m the Saints, on James iii. 17,"—1658 ; but this we have not seen. Mr. Rosewell was cousin to Mr. Thomas Rosewell, the nonconformist minister who was tried for high treason before Judge Jefferies; and who in early life derived great advantages from his pious and grave instructions.+

Thomas Ball, A. M. was born in Shropshire, in the year 1590, and educated in Queen's college, Cambridge, under the celebrated Dr. Preston. He afterwards became fellow of Emanuel college in the same university, then minister of the gospel at Northampton, where he died, and his remains were interred, June 21,1659, aged sixty-nine years. His funeral sermon was preached by Mr. John Howes, rector of Abbington near that place, who gave high commendations of his departed friend. This sermon was published, entitled, "Real Comforts, extracted from moral and spiritual Principles, presented in a Sermon preached at the Funeral of that reverend Divine, Mr. Thomas Ball, with a narrative of his Life and Death," 1660; which, however, we have never seen. Mr. Ball was author of several books, among which were, " The Life of Dr. John Preston," and "Pastorum propugnaculum; or, the Pulpit's Patronage against the force of unordained Usurpation and Innovation, in four Parts," 1656.)

Stanley Gower was a puritan divine of considerable eminence, chosen one of the assembly at Westminster, and he constantly attended during the session. He was minister at Brampton-Bryon; but on his removal to London, he preached in Ludgate-street, and was one of the preachers to the parliament. He was appointed one of the committee for the examination and approbation of ministers who petitioned for sequestered livings; and one to examine and ordain candidates

• Impeachment of Bp. Pierce, p. 8.

+ Life of Rosewell prefixed to his Trial,]). 8. Edit. 1718.

J Wood'i Athena; 0»on. Yoi. i. p. 861.

for the ministry.* lie united with his brethren, the London ministers, in their declaration against the king's death.+ He was living in 1660, was then minister at Dorchester, and is denominated a zealous and eminent presbyterian.J He wrote the life of Mr. Richard Rothwell, published in Clark's " Lives annexed to his Martyrologie." One of his sermons has this singular title, "Things Now-a-doing: or, the Churches Travaile of the Child of Reformation Now-a-bearing, in a Sermon before the Honourable House of Commons, at their solemn Fast, July 31,1644."

Henry Flint was a most holy and worthy minister, driven from his native country by the tyrannical oppressions of Archbishop Laud. In the year 1635 he fled to New England, where he was chosen teacher to the church at Braintree, of which Mr. William Thompson was pastor. There he closed his life and his labours, April 27,1668.$ He was a man of great piety, gravity, and integrity, and eminently qualified for the ministerial work.||

James Sicklemore was minister of the church at Singleton, near the city of Chichester, and a person famous for his great learning and piety. About the year 1640, he espoused the peculiar sentiments of the baptists, and became a zealous asserter of his opinions. Previous to this, being concerned for the instruction of the rising generation, he usually catechized the young people of his parish, and explained to them the questions and answers contained in the church catechism. On one of these occasions, as he was discoursing on the promises of godfathers and godmothers in the name of the infants at their baptism, one of his catechumens asked him, " what warrant there was from the holy scriptures for what he had been speaking?" Feeling himself at a loss to give a direct answer, he warmly insisted on the general voice of the christian church. Upon further examination, he renounced infant-baptism altogether, and refused to baptize the children of his parishioners. He was also opposed to the maintenance of ministers by tithes; and therefore he gave away the greatest part of his income to the poor and needy. Though after the change of his sentiments he continued in his parish, he frequently preached at other places, particularly at bevamore and Portsmouth; at both of which places he was instrumental, under God, of making and baptizing many disciples. This practice he continued to the end of his days. Though it does not appear when he died, he laid the foundation of the two baptist congregations at Portsmouth and Chichester.*

• Neat's Puritans, vol. iii. p. 89, 140. + Ibid. p.491.

1 Kennel's Chronicle, p. 185.

() Mather's Hist, of New Eng. b. iii. p. 182.

|| Morton's Memorial, p. 190.

Crosby's Baptists, To), It. p. 245—94".