Exodus 14

1 The LORD spoke to Moshe, saying,

2 "Speak to the children of Yisra'el, that they turn back and encamp before Pi-Hachirot, between Migdol and the sea, before Ba`al-Tzefon. You shall encamp opposite it by the sea.

3 Par`oh will say of the children of Yisra'el, 'They are entangled in the land. The wilderness has shut them in.'

4 I will harden Par`oh's heart, and he will follow after them; and I will get honor over Par`oh, and over all his host; and the Mitzrim shall know that I am the LORD." They did so.

5 It was told the king of Mitzrayim that the people had fled; and the heart of Par`oh and of his servants was changed towards the people, and they said, "What is this we have done, that we have let Yisra'el go from serving us?"

6 He made ready his chariot, and took his army with him;

7 and he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Mitzrayim, and captains over all of them.

8 The LORD hardened the heart of Par`oh king of Mitzrayim, and he pursued after the children of Yisra'el; for the children of Yisra'el went out with a high hand.

9 The Mitzrim pursued after them: all the horses and chariots of Par`oh, his horsemen, and his army; and overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi-Hachirot, before Ba`al-Tzefon.

10 When Par`oh drew near, the children of Yisra'el lifted up their eyes, and behold, the Mitzrim were marching after them; and they were very afraid. The children of Yisra'el cried out to the LORD.

11 They said to Moshe, "Because there were no graves in Mitzrayim, have you taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you treated us this way, to bring us forth out of Mitzrayim?

12 Isn't this the word that we spoke to you in Mitzrayim, saying, 'Leave us alone, that we may serve the Mitzrim?' For it were better for us to serve the Mitzrim, than that we should die in the wilderness."

13 Moshe said to the people, "Don't be afraid. Stand still, and see the salvation of the LORD, which he will work for you today: for the Mitzrim whom you have seen today, you shall never see them again.

14 The LORD will fight for you, and you shall be still."

15 The LORD said to Moshe, "Why do you cry to me? Speak to the children of Yisra'el, that they go forward.

16 Lift up your rod, and stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide it: and the children of Yisra'el shall go into the midst of the sea on dry ground.

17 I, behold, I will harden the hearts of the Mitzrim, and they shall go in after them: and I will get myself honor over Par`oh, and over all his host, over his chariots, and over his horsemen.

18 The Mitzrim shall know that I am the LORD, when I have gotten myself honor over Par`oh, over his chariots, and over his horsemen."

19 The angel of God, who went before the camp of Yisra'el, moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them, and stood behind them.

20 It came between the camp of Mitzrayim and the camp of Yisra'el; and there was the cloud and the darkness, yet gave it light by night: and the one didn't come near the other all the night.

21 Moshe stretched out his hand over the sea, and the LORD caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all the night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.

22 The children of Yisra'el went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left.

23 The Mitzrim pursued, and went in after them into the midst of the sea: all of Par`oh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen.

24 It happened in the morning watch, that the LORD looked out on the host of the Mitzrim through the pillar of fire and of cloud, and confused the Mitzrian army.

25 He took off their chariot wheels, and they drove them heavily; so that the Mitzrim said, "Let's flee from the face of Yisra'el, for the LORD fights for them against the Mitzrim!"

26 The LORD said to Moshe, "Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the waters may come again on the Mitzrim, on their chariots, and on their horsemen."

27 Moshe stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to its strength when the morning appeared; and the Mitzrim fled against it. The LORD overthrew the Mitzrim in the midst of the sea.

28 The waters returned, and covered the chariots and the horsemen, even all Par`oh's army that went in after them into the sea. There remained not so much as one of them.

29 But the children of Yisra'el walked on dry land in the midst of the sea, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left.

30 Thus the LORD saved Yisra'el that day out of the hand of the Mitzrim; and Yisra'el saw the Mitzrim dead on the seashore.

31 Yisra'el saw the great work which the LORD did to the Mitzrim, and the people feared the LORD; and they believed in the LORD, and in his servant Moshe.

Exodus 14 Commentary

Chapter 14

God directs the Israelites to Pihahiroth, Pharaoh pursues after them. (1-9) The Israelites murmur, Moses comforts them. (10-14) God instructs Moses, The cloud between the Israelites and the Egyptians. (15-20) The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians. (21-31)

Verses 1-9 Pharaoh would think that all Israel was entangled in the wilderness, and so would become an easy prey. But God says, I will be honoured upon Pharaoh. All men being made for the honour of their Maker, those whom he is not honoured by, he will be honoured upon. What seems to tend to the church's ruin, is often overruled to the ruin of the church's enemies. While Pharaoh gratified his malice and revenge, he furthered the bringing to pass God's counsels concerning him. Though with the greatest reason he had let Israel go, yet now he was angry with himself for it. God makes the envy and rage of men against his people, a torment to themselves. Those who set their faces heavenward, and will live godly in Christ Jesus, must expect to be set upon by Satan's temptations and terrors. He will not tamely part with any out of his service.

Verses 10-14 There was no way open to Israel but upward, and thence their deliverance came. We may be in the way of duty, following God, and hastening toward heaven, yet may be troubled on every side. Some cried out unto the Lord; their fear led them to pray, and that was well. God brings us into straits, that he may bring us to our knees. Others cried out against Moses; fear set them murmuring as if God were not still able to work miracles. They quarrel with Moses for bringing them out of Egypt; and so were angry with God for the greatest kindness ever done them; thus gross are the absurdities of unbelief. Moses says, Fear ye not. It is always our duty and interest, when we cannot get out of troubles, yet to get above our fears; let them quicken our prayers and endeavours, but not silence our faith and hope. "Stand still," think not to save yourselves either by fighting or flying; wait God's orders, and observe them. Compose yourselves, by confidence in God, into peaceful thoughts of the great salvation God is about to work for you. If God brings his people into straits, he will find a way to bring them out.

Verses 15-20 Moses' silent prayers of faith prevailed more with God than Israel's loud outcries of fear. The pillar of cloud and fire came behind them, where they needed a guard, and it was a wall between them and their enemies. The word and providence of God have a black and dark side toward sin and sinners, but a bright and pleasant side toward the people of the Lord. He, who divided between light and darkness, ( Genesis 1:4 ) , allotted darkness to the Egyptians, and light to the Israelites. Such a difference there will be between the inheritance of the saints in light, and that utter darkness which will be the portion of hypocrites for ever.

Verses 21-31 The dividing the Red sea was the terror of the Canaanites, ( Joshua 2:9 ) ; the praise and triumph of the Israelites, ( Psalm 114:3 , Psalm 106:9 , Psalm 136:13 ) . It was a type of baptism, #1Co. 10:1, #1Co. 10:2 . Israel's passage through it was typical of the conversion of souls, ( Isaiah 11:15 ) ; and the Egyptians being drowned in it was typical of the final ruin of all unrepenting sinners. God showed his almighty power, by opening a passage through the waters, some miles over. God can bring his people through the greatest difficulties, and force a way where he does not find it. It was an instance of his wonderful favour to his Israel. They went through the sea, they walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea. This was done, in order to encourage God's people in all ages to trust him in the greatest straits. What cannot he do who did this? What will not he do for those that fear and love him, who did this for these murmuring, unbelieving Israelites? Then followed the just and righteous wrath of God upon his and his people's enemies. The ruin of sinners is brought on by their own rage and presumption. They might have let Israel alone, and would not; now they would flee from the face of Israel, and cannot. Men will not be convinced, till it is too late, that those who meddle with God's people, meddle to their own hurt. Moses was ordered to stretch out his hand over the sea; the waters returned, and overwhelmed all the host of the Egyptians. Pharaoh and his servants, who had hardened one another in sin, now fell together, not one escaped. The Israelites saw the Egyptians dead upon the sands. The sight very much affected them. While men see God's works, and feel the benefit, they fear him and trust in him. How well were it for us, if we were always in as good a frame as sometimes! Behold the end to which a Christian may look forward. His enemies rage, and are mighty; but while he holds fast by God, he shall pass the waves in safety guarded by that very power of his Saviour, which shall come down on every spiritual foe. The enemies of his soul whom he hath seen to-day, he shall see no more for ever.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 14

This chapter begins with directions of God to Moses, to be given to the children of Israel about the course they were to steer in their journey, with the reason thereof, Ex 14:1-4, which they observing, a report was brought to Pharaoh that they were fled, and this determined him and his servants to get ready and pursue after them, as they did with a great army, Ex 14:5-9, which when the Israelites saw, it put them in great fear, and set them to murmuring and complaining against Moses for bringing them out of Egypt, Ex 14:10,11,12, who desired them to be still and quiet, and they should see the salvation of the Lord, Ex 14:13,14, and he is bid to order the people to go on in their journey, and to take his rod and stretch it over the sea and divide it, that Israel might pass through it on dry ground, and the Egyptians follow them, whereby God would be honoured and glorified, Ex 14:15-18, upon which the Angel of the Lord in a pillar of cloud removed from before there, and went behind them for their protection, Ex 14:19,20, and Moses stretching out his hand over the sea, and a strong east wind blowing upon it, the waters divided and the Israelites went into it, and the Egyptians followed them, but their host being troubled by the Lord, and their chariot wheels taken off, they found themselves in great danger, and were thrown into a panic, Ex 14:20-25 and upon Moses's stretching out his hand again over the sea, the waters returned, and Pharaoh and his host were drowned, but the Israelites passed through safely, as on dry land, Ex 14:26-29, which great work of the Lord being observed by them, influenced their fear of him, their faith in him and his servant Moses, Ex 14:30,31.