Richter 1

1 Nach dem Tod Josuas fragten die Kinder Israel den HERRN und sprachen: Wer soll unter uns zuerst hinaufziehen, Krieg zu führen wider die Kanaaniter?

2 Der HERR sprach: Juda soll hinaufziehen. Siehe, ich habe das Land in seine Hand gegeben.

3 Da sprach Juda zu seinem Bruder Simeon: Zieh mit mir hinauf in mein Los und laß uns wider die Kanaaniter streiten, so will ich wieder mit dir ziehen in dein Los. Also zog Simeon mit ihm.

4 Da nun Juda hinaufzog, gab der HERR die Kanaaniter und Pheresiter in ihre Hände, und sie schlugen zu Besek zehntausend Mann.

5 Und fanden den Adoni-Besek zu Besek und stritten wider ihn und schlugen die Kanaaniter und Pheresiter.

6 Aber Adoni-Besek floh, und sie jagten ihm nach; und da sie ihn ergriffen, hieben sie ihm die Daumen ab an seinen Händen und Füßen.

7 Da sprach Adoni-Besek: Siebzig Könige mit abgehauenen Daumen ihrer Hände und Füße lasen auf unter meinem Tisch. Wie ich nun getan habe, so hat mir Gott wieder vergolten. Und man brachte ihn gen Jerusalem; daselbst starb er. {~}

8 Aber die Kinder Juda stritten wider Jerusalem und gewannen es und schlugen es mit der Schärfe des Schwerts und zündeten die Stadt an.

9 Darnach zogen die Kinder Juda herab, zu streiten wider die Kanaaniter, die auf dem Gebirge und gegen Mittag und in den Gründen wohnten.

10 Und Juda zog hin wider die Kanaaniter, die zu Hebron wohnten (Hebron aber hieß vorzeiten Kirjath-Arba), und sie schlugen den Sesai und Ahiman und Thalmai.

11 Und zogen von da wider die Einwohner zu Debir (Debir aber hieß vorzeiten Kirjath-Sepher).

12 Und Kaleb sprach: Wer Kirjath-Sepher schlägt und gewinnt, dem will ich meine Tochter Achsa zum Weibe geben.

13 Da gewann es Othniel, der Sohn des Kenas, Kalebs jüngerer Bruder. Und er gab ihm sein Tochter Achsa zum Weibe.

14 Und es begab sich, da sie einzog, beredete sie ihn, einen Acker zu fordern von ihrem Vater. Und sie stieg vom Esel; da sprach Kaleb zu ihr: Was ist dir?

15 Sie sprach: Gib mir einen Segen! Denn du hast mir ein Mittagsland gegeben; gib mir auch Wasserquellen! Da gab er ihr die Quellen oben und unten.

16 Und die Kinder des Keniters, Mose's Schwagers, zogen herauf aus der Palmenstadt mit den Kindern Juda in die Wüste Juda, die da liegt gegen Mittag der Stadt Arad, und gingen hin und wohnten unter dem Volk.

17 Und Juda zog hin mit seinem Bruder Simeon, und schlugen die Kanaaniter zu Zephath und verbannten sie und nannten die Stadt Horma.

18 Dazu gewann Juda Gaza mit seinem Zugehör und Askalon mit seinem Zugehör und Ekron mit seinem Zugehör.

19 Und der HERR war mit Juda, daß er das Gebirge einnahm; denn er konnte die Einwohner im Grunde nicht vertreiben, darum daß sie eiserne Wagen hatten.

20 Und sie gaben dem Kaleb Hebron, wie Mose gesagt hatte; und er vertrieb daraus die drei Söhne des Enak.

21 Aber die Kinder Benjamin vertrieben die Jebusiter nicht, die zu Jerusalem wohnten; sondern die Jebusiter wohnten bei den Kindern Benjamin zu Jerusalem bis auf diesen Tag.

22 Desgleichen zogen auch die Kinder Joseph hinauf gen Beth-El, und der HERR war mit ihnen.

23 Und das Haus Josephs ließ auskundschaften Beth-El, das vorzeiten Lus hieß.

24 Und die Wächter sahen einen Mann aus der Stadt gehen und sprachen zu ihm: Weise uns, wo wir in die Stadt kommen, so wollen wir Barmherzigkeit an dir tun.

25 Und da er ihnen zeigte, wo sie in die Stadt kämen, schlugen sie die Stadt mit der Schärfe des Schwerts; aber den Mann und all sein Geschlecht ließen sie gehen.

26 Da zog derselbe Mann ins Land der Hethiter und baute eine Stadt und hieß sie Lus; die heißt noch heutigestages also.

27 Und Manasse vertrieb nicht Beth-Sean mit den zugehörigen Orten noch Thaanach mit den zugehörigen Orten noch die Einwohner zu Dor mit den zugehörigen Orten noch die Einwohner zu Jibleam mit den zugehörigen Orten noch die Einwohner zu Megiddo mit den zugehörigen Orten; und die Kanaaniter blieben wohnen im Land.

28 Da aber Israel mächtig war, machte es die Kanaaniter zinsbar und vertrieb sie nicht. {~}

29 Desgleichen vertrieb auch Ephraim die Kanaaniter nicht, die zu Geser wohnten, sondern die Kanaaniter wohnten unter ihnen zu Geser.

30 Sebulon vertrieb auch nicht die Einwohner von Kitron und Nahalol; sondern die Kanaaniter wohnten unter ihnen und waren zinsbar.

31 Asser vertrieb die Einwohner zu Akko nicht noch die Einwohner zu Sidon, zu Ahelab, zu Achsib, zu Helba, zu Aphik und zu Rehob;

32 sondern die Asseriter wohnten unter den Kanaanitern, die im Lande wohnten, denn sie vertrieben sie nicht.

33 Naphthali vertrieb die Einwohner nicht zu Beth-Semes noch zu Beth-Anath, sondern wohnte unter den Kanaanitern, die im Lande wohnten. Aber die zu Beth-Semes und zu Beth-Anath wurden zinsbar.

34 Und die Amoriter drängten die Kinder Dan aufs Gebirge und ließen nicht zu, daß sie herunter in den Grund kämen.

35 Und die Amoriter blieben wohnen auf dem Gebirge Heres, zu Ajalon und Saalbim. Doch ward ihnen die Hand des Hauses Joseph zu schwer, und wurden zinsbar.

36 Und die Grenze der Amoriter war, da man nach Akrabbim hinaufgeht, von dem Fels an und weiter hinauf.

Richter 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

The book of Judges is the history of Israel during the government of the Judges, who were occasional deliverers, raised up by God to rescue Israel from their oppressors, to reform the state of religion, and to administer justice to the people. The state of God's people does not appear in this book so prosperous, nor their character so religious, as might have been expected; but there were many believers among them, and the tabernacle service was attended to. The history exemplifies the frequent warnings and predictions of Moses, and should have close attention. The whole is full of important instruction.

Proceedings of the tribes of Judah and Simeon. (1-8) Hebron and other cities taken. (9-20) The proceedings of other tribes. (21-36)

Verses 1-8 The Israelites were convinced that the war against the Canaanites was to be continued; but they were in doubt as to the manner in which it was to be carried on after the death of Joshua. In these respects they inquired of the Lord. God appoints service according to the strength he has given. From those who are most able, most work is expected. Judah was first in dignity, and must be first in duty. Judah's service will not avail unless God give success; but God will not give the success, unless Judah applies to the service. Judah was the most considerable of all the tribes, and Simeon the least; yet Judah begs Simeon's friendship, and prays for aid from him. It becomes Israelites to help one another against Canaanites; and all Christians, even those of different tribes, should strengthen one another. Those who thus help one another in love, have reason to hope that God will graciously help both. Adoni-bezek was taken prisoner. This prince had been a severe tyrant. The Israelites, doubtless under the Divine direction, made him suffer what he had done to others; and his own conscience confessed that he was justly treated as he had treated others. Thus the righteous God sometimes, in his providence, makes the punishment answer the sin.

Verses 9-20 The Canaanites had iron chariots; but Israel had God on their side, whose chariots are thousands of angels, ( Psalms 68:17 ) . Yet they suffered their fears to prevail against their faith. About Caleb we read in ( Joshua 15:16-19 ) . The Kenites had settled in the land. Israel let them fix where they pleased, being a quiet, contented people. They that molested none, were molested by none. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.

Verses 21-36 The people of Israel were very careless of their duty and interest. Owing to slothfulness and cowardice, they would not be at the pains to complete their conquests. It was also owing to their covetousness: they were willing to let the Canaanites live among them, that they might make advantage of them. They had not the dread and detestation of idolatry they ought to have had. The same unbelief that kept their fathers forty years out of Canaan, kept them now out of the full possession of it. Distrust of the power and promise of God deprived them of advantages, and brought them into troubles. Thus many a believer who begins well is hindered. His graces languish, his lusts revive, Satan plies him with suitable temptations, the world recovers its hold; he brings guilt into his conscience, anguish into his heart, discredit on his character, and reproach on the gospel. Though he may have sharp rebukes, and be so recovered that he does not perish, yet he will have deeply to lament his folly through his remaining days; and upon his dying bed to mourn over the opportunities of glorifying God and serving the church he has lost. We can have no fellowship with the enemies of God within us or around us, but to our hurt; therefore our only wisdom is to maintain unceasing war against them.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO JUDGES

The title of this book in the Hebrew copies is Sepher Shophetim, the Book of Judges; but the Syriac and Arabic interpreters call it,

``the Book of the Judges of the Children of Israel;''

and the Septuagint only Judges; so called, not because it was written by them, though some think it was compiled out of annals and diaries kept by them; but it seems to be the work of one person only: the true reason of its name is, because it treats of the judges of Israel, gives an account of their lives and actions, and especially such as concerned their office; which office was different from that of kings, and seems only to have been occasional, and chiefly lay in delivering the people out of the hands of their enemies, when oppressed, distressed, or carried captive by them; in protecting them in the enjoyment of their country, rights, and liberties; in leading out their armies against their enemies when needful; and in settling differences, judging law suits, and administering justice. The government of the nation, during their time, was a theocracy. It is not certain who was the penman of this book; some ascribe it to King Hezekiah, others to Ezra; but the Jewish writers {a} are generally of opinion that it was written by Samuel, which is most likely, who was the last of the judges; and it seems plainly to be written before the times of David, us appears from a speech of Joab, 2Sa 11:21; and from some passages in Ps 68:8,9 Ps 97:5, which seem to refer or allude to Jud 5:4,5; and from Jerusalem being called Jebus, which shows it to be inhabited by the Jebusites in the time of the writer of this book, whereas it was taken out of their hands by David; besides, Samuel himself refers to the annals of this book; 1Sa 12:9-11; and from whose testimonies, as well as from others in the New Testament, there is no doubt to be made of its being genuine and authentic, and written by divine inspiration; as is evident from the use the Apostle Paul, and the author of the epistle to the Hebrews, have made of it, Ac 13:20, Heb 11:32; it is useful as an history, and without which the history of the people of Israel would not be complete; it containing an account of all their judges, excepting the two last, Eli and Samuel, of whom an account is given in the following books, and of some facts incidental to those times, related in an appendix at the end of it, concerning the idol of Micah, and the war of Benjamin; and furnishes out many useful moral observations concerning God's displeasure at sin in his own people Israel, and his corrections for it; and about his providential care of them in raising up for them deliverers in their time of need, as well as points at various virtues and excellencies in great and good men, worthy of imitation. It contains, according to Piscator, Dr. Lightfoot, and others, an history of two hundred ninety and nine years.

\\INTRODUCTION TO JUDGES 1\\

The children of Israel, after Joshua's death, inquiring of the Lord which tribes should first go up against the remaining Canaanites, Judah is ordered to go up, who with Simeon did, Jud 1:1-3; and had success against the Canaanites under Adonibezek, whom they brought to Jerusalem Jud 1:4-8; and against the Canaanites in Hebron, Debir, Zephath, Hormah, Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron, Jud 1:9-20; the Benjamites had not such good success as Judah against the Jebusites in Jerusalem, Jud 1:21; nor as the house of Joseph had against Bethel, Jud 1:22-26; nor could the tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim, Zebulun, Asher, and Naphtali, drive out the Canaanites from several places which belonged unto them, though many of them became their tributaries, Jud 1:27-33; and as for the Amorites, they were too powerful for the tribe of Dan, though some of them became tributaries to the house of Joseph, Jud 1:34-36.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2.