Genesis 32:1-21

Jacob's Fear of Esau

1 Now as Jacob went on his way, 1the angels of God met him.
2 Jacob said when he saw them, "This is God's camp." So he named * that place 2Mahanaim.
3 Then Jacob 3sent messengers before him to his brother Esau in the land of 4Seir, the country of 5Edom.
4 He also commanded them saying, "Thus you shall say to my lord Esau: 'Thus says your servant Jacob, "I have sojourned with Laban, and 6stayed until now;
5 7I have oxen and donkeys and flocks and male and female servants *; and I have sent to tell my lord, 8that I may find favor in your sight.""'
6 The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, "We came to your brother Esau, and furthermore 9he is coming to meet you, and four hundred men are with him."
7 Then Jacob was 10greatly afraid and distressed; and he divided the people who were with him, and the flocks and the herds and the camels, into two companies;
8 for he said, "If Esau comes to the one company and attacks it, then the company which is left will escape."
9 Jacob said, "O 11God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac, O LORD, who said to me, '12Return to your country and to your relatives, and I will prosper you,'
10 I am unworthy 13of all the lovingkindness and of all the faithfulness which You have shown to Your servant; for with my staff only I crossed this Jordan, and now I have become two companies.
11 "14Deliver me, I pray, 15from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau; for I fear him, that he will come and attack me and the 16mothers with the children.
12 "For You said, '17I will surely prosper you and 18make your descendants as the sand of the sea, which is too great to be numbered.' "
13 So he spent the night there. Then he selected from what he had with him a 19present for his brother Esau:
14 two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams,
15 thirty milking camels and their colts, forty cows and ten bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys.
16 He delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by itself, and said to his servants, "Pass on before me, and put a space between droves."
17 He commanded the one in front, saying, "When my brother Esau meets you and asks you, saying, 'To whom do you belong, and where are you going, and to whom do these animals in front of you belong?'
18 then you shall say, 'These belong to your servant Jacob; it is a present sent to my lord Esau. And behold, he also is behind us.' "
19 Then he commanded also the second and the third, and all those who followed * the droves, saying, "After this manner you shall speak to Esau when you find him;
20 and you shall say, 'Behold, your servant Jacob also is behind us.' " For he said, "I will appease * him with the present that goes before me. Then afterward * I will see his face; perhaps he will accept * me."
21 So the present passed on before * him, while he himself spent that night in the camp.

Genesis 32:1-21 Meaning and Commentary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 32

This chapter informs us of Jacob's proceeding on in his journey, and of his being met and guarded by an host of angels, Ge 32:1,2; of his sending messengers to his brother Esau, acquainting him with his increase, and desiring his favour and good will, Ge 32:3-5, who return and report to him, that Esau was coming to him with four hundred men, which put him into a panic, and after devising ways and means for the security of himself; and those with him, at least a part, if not the whole, Ge 32:6-8; then follows a prayer of his to God, pressing his unworthiness of mercies, and his sense of them, imploring deliverance from his brother, and putting the Lord in mind of his promises, Ge 32:9-12; after which we have an account of the wise methods he took for the safety of himself and family, by sending a present to his brother, dividing those who had the charge of it into separate companies, and directing them to move at a proper distance from each other, he, his wives and children, following after, Ge 32:13-23; when they were over the brook Jabbok, he stopped, and being alone, the Son of God in an human form appeared to him, and wrestled with him, with whom Jacob prevailed, and got the blessing, and hence had the name of Israel, Ge 32:24-28; and though he could not get his name, he perceived it was a divine Person he had wrestled with, and therefore called the name of the place Penuel, Ge 32:29-31; the hollow of his thigh being touched by him with whom he wrestled, which put it out of joint, he halted as he went over Penuel, in commemoration of which the children of Israel eat not of that part of the thigh, Ge 32:31,32.

Cross References 19

  • 1. 2 Kings 6:16, 17; Psalms 34:7
  • 2. Joshua 21:38; 2 Samuel 2:8
  • 3. Genesis 27:41, 42; Genesis 32:7, 11
  • 4. Genesis 14:6; Genesis 33:14
  • 5. Genesis 25:30; Genesis 36:8, 9
  • 6. Genesis 31:41
  • 7. Genesis 30:43
  • 8. Genesis 33:8
  • 9. Genesis 33:1
  • 10. Genesis 32:11
  • 11. Genesis 28:13; Genesis 31:42
  • 12. Genesis 28:15; Genesis 31:3, 13
  • 13. Genesis 24:27
  • 14. Psalms 59:1, 2
  • 15. Genesis 27:41, 42; Genesis 33:4
  • 16. Hosea 10:14
  • 17. Genesis 28:14
  • 18. Genesis 22:17
  • 19. Genesis 43:11

Footnotes 13

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