Romanos 4:17

17 Como está escrito: “Eu o constituí pai de muitas nações”.^[a] Ele é nosso pai aos olhos de Deus, em quem creu, o Deus que dá vida aos mortos e chama à existência coisas que não existem, como se existissem.

Romanos 4:17 Meaning and Commentary

Romans 4:17

As it is written I have made thee a father of many nations,
&c.] The passage referred to, is in ( Genesis 17:4 Genesis 17:5 ) ; which proves him to be a father not of the Jews only, since they cannot be called "many nations", but of the Gentiles also; and which must be understood in a spiritual sense, for Abraham was the father of them,

before him whom he believed, [even] God;
that is, he was so, either in the sight of God, who sees not as man sees; in his account, he was the father of many nations, long before he really in fact was; or "over against" or "like unto him", as the word may signify: as God was the Father of many nations, so was Abraham, though not in such a sense as he is; and as God is the Father of us all that believe, so was Abraham; there is some little likeness and resemblance in this between them, though not sameness. The object of his faith is described as he,

who quickeneth the dead:
meaning either the dead body of Abraham and Sarah's womb; or Isaac, who was given up for dead; or the Gentiles, who were dead in trespasses and sins; or rather the dead bodies of men at the last day, a work which none but the almighty God can effect; the consideration of which is sufficient to engage faith in the promises of God, and a dependence on him for the fulfilment or them: and who stands further described as he, who

calleth those things which be not, as though they were;
so he called Abraham the father of many nations, when he was not in fact, as if he really was; and the Gentiles his seed and offspring, before they were; and when he comes effectually to call them by his grace, they are represented as "things which are not", whom he called, "to bring to nought things that are", ( 1 Corinthians 1:28 ) ; they were not his people, nor his children, and he called them so, and by his grace made them so, and made them appear to be so; for as in creation so in regeneration, God calls and brings that into being which before was not: and the phrase seems to be an allusion to the creation of all things out of nothing; and it is a Rabbinical one, for so the Jews speaking of the creation say ^F19

``(Nya la arwq) , "he calls to that which is not", and it is excluded; (i.e. all things are excluded out of it, as a chicken out of an egg;) and to that which is, and it is established, and to the world, and it is stretched out.''

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FOOTNOTES:

F19 R. Solomon ben Gabirol in Cether Malcuth apud L. Capell. in loc.

Romanos 4:17 In-Context

15 porque a Lei produz a ira. E onde não há Lei, não há transgressão.

16 Portanto, a promessa vem pela fé, para que seja de acordo com a graça e seja assim garantida a toda a descendência de Abraão; não apenas aos que estão sob o regime da Lei, mas também aos que têm a fé que Abraão teve. Ele é o pai de todos nós.

17 Como está escrito: “Eu o constituí pai de muitas nações”. Ele é nosso pai aos olhos de Deus, em quem creu, o Deus que dá vida aos mortos e chama à existência coisas que não existem, como se existissem.

18 Abraão, contra toda esperança, em esperança creu, tornando-se assim pai de muitas nações, como foi dito a seu respeito: “Assim será a sua descendência”.

19 Sem se enfraquecer na fé, reconheceu que o seu corpo já estava sem vitalidade, pois já contava cerca de cem anos de idade, e que também o ventre de Sara já estava sem vigor.

Footnotes

• [a] Gn 17.5