Bamidbar 1:3

3 From twenty years old and upward, all that are ablebodied to serve in tzava b’Yisroel (army in Yisroel); thou and Aharon shall number them by their tzva’ot (legions).

Bamidbar 1:3 Meaning and Commentary

Numbers 1:3

From twenty years old and upwards
All that had entered into their twentieth year, or, as it should rather seem, who were full twenty years of age, and all that were above it without any limitation; though some limit it to fifty, and others to sixty years, when men may be reasonably excused going to war; for to know who were fit for it seems to be a principal design of this order, as follows:

all that are able to go forth to war in Israel;
who being about to journey, might expect to meet with enemies, with whom they would be obliged to engage in battle; and therefore it was proper to know their strength, and whom to call out upon occasion: Aben Ezra observes, that the phrase "in Israel" excepts the mixed multitude; those were not of Israel, and so not numbered, and perhaps not to be trusted or depended upon in war; nor were they mustered and marshalled by the standards of the several tribes; in a mystical sense, those numbered may signify the valiant of Israel, the same as the young men in ( 1 John 2:14 ) ; see ( Song of Solomon 3:7 Song of Solomon 3:8 ) ;

thou and Aaron shall number them by their armies;
each tribe making a considerable army, (See Gill on Exodus 7:4); these people were now typical of the church of God in its militant state in the wilderness, for which they are provided, and prepared, and accoutred.

Bamidbar 1:3 In-Context

1 And Hashem spoke unto Moshe in the midbar of Sinai, in the Ohel Mo’ed, on the first day of the second month, in the second year after they were come out of Eretz Mitzrayim, saying,

2 Take ye the rosh (top amount, census) of kol Adat Bnei Yisroel after their mishpekhot, by the bais of their avot, with the number of their shmot, every zachar by their head count;

3 From twenty years old and upward, all that are ablebodied to serve in tzava b’Yisroel (army in Yisroel); thou and Aharon shall number them by their tzva’ot (legions).

4 And with you there shall be a man of every tribe; every one Rosh of the bais of his Avot.

5 And these are the shemot haanashim that shall stand with you: of the tribe of Reuven, Elitzur ben Shedeur;