Rut 1

1 Al tempo dei giudici ci fu nel paese una carestia, e un uomo di Bethlehem di Giuda andò a stare nelle campagne di Moab con la moglie e i suoi due figliuoli.

2 Quest’uomo si chiamava Elimelec; sua moglie, Naomi; e suoi due figliuoli, Mahlon e Kilion; erano Efratei, di Bethlehem di Giuda. Giunti nelle campagne di Moab, vi fissarono la loro dimora.

3 Elimelec, marito di Naomi, morì, ed ella rimase coi suoi due figliuoli.

4 Questi sposarono delle Moabite, delle quali una si chiamava Orpa, e l’altra Ruth; e dimoraron quivi per circa dieci anni.

5 Poi Mahlon e Kilion morirono anch’essi tutti e due, e la donna restò priva de’ suoi due figliuoli e del marito.

6 Allora si levò con le sue nuore per tornarsene dalle campagne di Moab perché nelle campagne di Moab avea sentito dire che l’Eterno avea visitato il suo popolo, dandogli del pane.

7 Ella partì dunque con le sue due nuore dal luogo dov’era stata, e si mise in cammino per tornare nel paese di Giuda.

8 E Naomi disse alle sue due nuore: "Andate, tornatevene ciascuna a casa di sua madre; l’Eterno sia buono con voi, come voi siete state con quelli che son morti, e con me!

9 L’Eterno dia a ciascuna di voi di trovare riposo in casa d’un marito!" Essa le baciò, e quelle si misero a piangere ad alta voce, e le dissero:

10 "No noi torneremo con te al tuo popolo".

11 E Naomi rispose: "Ritornatevene, figliuole mie! Perché verreste con me? Ho io ancora de’ figliuoli in seno che possano diventare vostri mariti?

12 Ritornatevene, figliuole mie, andate! Io son troppo vecchia per rimaritarmi; e anche se dicessi: Ne ho speranza, e andassi a marito stasera, e partorissi de’ figliuoli,

13 aspettereste voi finché fossero grandi? Vi asterreste voi per questo dal maritarvi? No, figliuole mie; l’afflizione mia e più amara della vostra poiché la mano dell’Eterno si è stesa contro di me".

14 Allora esse alzarono la voce e piansero di nuovo; e Orpa baciò la suocera, ma Ruth non si staccò da lei.

15 Naomi disse a Ruth: "Ecco, la tua cognata se n’è tornata al suo popolo e ai suoi dèi; ritornatene anche tu come la tua cognata!"

16 Ma Ruth rispose: "Non insistere perch’io ti lasci, e me ne torni lungi da te; perché dove andrai tu, andrò anch’io; e dove starai tu, io pure starò; il tuo popolo sarà il mio popolo, e il tuo Dio sarà il mio Dio;

17 dove morrai tu morrò anch’io, e quivi sarò sepolta. L’Eterno mi tratti col massimo rigore se altra cosa che la morte mi separerà da te!"

18 Quando Naomi la vide fermamente decisa ad andar con lei, non gliene parlò più.

19 Così fecero il viaggio assieme fino al loro arrivo a Bethlehem. E quando giunsero a Bethlehem, tutta la città fu sossopra a motivo di loro. Le donne dicevano: "E’ proprio Naomi?"

20 Ed ella rispondeva: "Non mi chiamate Naomi; chiamatemi Mara, poiché l’Onnipotente m’ha ricolma d’amarezza.

21 Io partii nell’abbondanza, e l’Eterno mi riconduce spoglia di tutto. Perché chiamarmi Naomi, quando l’Eterno ha attestato contro di me, e l’Onnipotente m’ha resa infelice?"

22 Così Naomi se ne tornò con Ruth, la Moabita, sua nuora, venuta dalle campagne di Moab. Esse giunsero a Bethlehem quando si cominciava a mietere l’orzo.

Rut 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

We find in this book excellent examples of faith, piety, patience, humility, industry, and loving-kindness, in the common events of life. Also we see the special care which God's providence take of our smallest concerns, encouraging us to full trust therein. We may view this book as a beautiful, because natural representation of human life; as a curious detail of important facts; and as a part of the plan of redemption.

Elimelech and his sons die in the land of Moab. (1-5) Naomi returns home. (6-14) Orpah stays behind, but Ruth goes with Naomi. (15-18) They come to Bethlehem. (19-22)

Verses 1-5 Elimelech's care to provide for his family, was not to be blamed; but his removal into the country of Moab could not be justified. And the removal ended in the wasting of his family. It is folly to think of escaping that cross, which, being laid in our way, we ought to take up. Changing our place seldom is mending it. Those who bring young people into bad acquaintance, and take them out of the way of public ordinances, thought they may think them well-principled, and armed against temptation, know not what will be the end. It does not appear that the women the sons of Elimelech married, were proselyted to the Jewish religion. Earthly trials or enjoyments are of short continuance. Death continually removes those of every age and situation, and mars all our outward comforts: we cannot too strongly prefer those advantages which shall last for ever.

Verses 6-14 Naomi began to think of returning, after the death of her two sons. When death comes into a family, it ought to reform what is amiss there. Earth is made bitter to us, that heaven may be made dear. Naomi seems to have been a person of faith and piety. She dismissed her daughters-in-law with prayer. It is very proper for friends, when they part, to part with them thus part in love. Did Naomi do well, to discourage her daughters from going with her, when she might save them from the idolatry of Moab, and bring them to the faith and worship of the God of Israel? Naomi, no doubt, desired to do that; but if they went with her, she would not have them to go upon her account. Those that take upon them a profession of religion only to oblige their friends, or for the sake of company, will be converts of small value. If they did come with her, she would have them make it their deliberate choice, and sit down first and count the cost, as it concerns those to do who make a profession of religion. And more desire "rest in the house of a husband," or some wordly settlement or earthly satisfaction, than the rest to which Christ invites our souls; therefore when tried they will depart from Christ, though perhaps with some sorrow.

Verses 15-18 See Ruth's resolution, and her good affection to Naomi. Orpah was loth to part from her; yet she did not love her well enough to leave Moab for her sake. Thus, many have a value and affection for Christ, yet come short of salvation by him, because they will not forsake other things for him. They love him, yet leave him, because they do not love him enough, but love other things better. Ruth is an example of the grace of God, inclining the soul to choose the better part. Naomi could desire no more than the solemn declaration Ruth made. See the power of resolution; it silences temptation. Those that go in religious ways without a stedfast mind, stand like a door half open, which invites a thief; but resolution shuts and bolts the door, resists the devil and forces him to flee.

Verses 19-22 Naomi and Ruth came to Bethlehem. Afflictions will make great and surprising changes in a little time. May God, by his grace, fit us for all such changes, especially the great change!, Naomi signifies "pleasant," or "amiable;" Mara, "bitter," or "bitterness." She was now a woman of a sorrowful spirit. She had come home empty, poor, a widow and childless. But there is a fulness for believers of which they never can be emptied; a good part which shall not be taken from those who have it. The cup of affliction is a "bitter" cup, but she owns that the affliction came from God. It well becomes us to have our hearts humbled under humbling providences. It is not affliction itself, but affliction rightly borne, that does us good.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK OF RUTH

This book is called Ruth, not because she was the author of it, but because she is the principal subject of it. In the Syriac and Arabic versions, it is called the Book of Ruth the Moabitess, which describes her by the country of which she was. Her name, according to Hillerus {l}, signifies beautiful, of a good aspect, the same with Calliope in Greek. As to the author of this book, some attribute it to Eli the priest, who seems to have been too soon to give an account of the birth of David; others to Gad or Nathan; some to Hezekiah, and others to Ezra; but what the Talmudists assert, which is most generally received, and most probable, is, that it was written by Samuel; so they say Samuel {m} wrote his own book, Judges, and Ruth; and it is commonly said that this book is an appendix to that of the Judges, and the introduction to Samuel, and is fitly placed between them both. According to Eusebius {n}, with the Hebrews, Judges and Ruth make one book they call Shophetim, or Judges; the principal design of it is to give the genealogy of David, whom Samuel had anointed to be king of Israel, and from whom the Messiah was to come, and who therefore may be said to be the aim and scope of it, as he is of all Scripture; and whereby it appears that he sprung both from Jews and Gentiles, and is the Saviour of both, and there is a good foundation for both to hope in him; and the call and conversion of Ruth the Moabitess may be considered as a shadow, emblem, and pledge of the conversion of the Gentiles. Manythings besides may be learnt from this little book, as the different circumstances of good people in this life, and the particular providence of God respecting them. It furnishes out examples of bearing afflictions patiently, of industry, courteousness, kindness to strangers, and young converts; and none can doubt of the divine authority of this book, that considers the use made of it in the genealogies of Christ by the Evangelists Matthew and Luke.

{l} Onomastic. Sacr. p. 211. {m} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 13. 2. {n} Eccl. Hist. 1. 6. c. 25.

\\INTRODUCTION TO RUTH 1\\

This chapter treats of a family that removed from the land of Canaan to the land of Moab on account of a famine, where the father of it and his two sons died, and each of them left a widow, Ru 1:1-5 the mother-in-law proposed to return to her own country, and set forward with her two daughters-in-law, whom, when they had gone a little way with her, she entreated to go back, and expostulated with them about it, Ru 1:6-13, upon which one of them did, but the other, Ruth, the subject of this book, resolved to go the journey with her, Ru 1:14-18 and they both came to Bethlehem, the former residence of her mother-in-law Naomi, who was greatly taken notice of by her old friends and acquaintance, to whom she related her present circumstances, Ru 1:19-22.