Isaiah 54 Study Notes
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54:11-12 Jerusalem is now personified as a storm-tossed city that God will restore to unprecedented splendor, made of precious stones and metals, which anticipates new Jerusalem in Rv 21:15-21.
54:13 The children of Jerusalem are its inhabitants who will be taught by the Lord. The new covenant of Jr 31:31-34 anticipated a time when God’s people would no longer need a teacher, “for they will all know me.” Jesus quotes this verse in Jn 6:45.
54:14 Because righteousness is the foundation of the city, its security and safety is assured.
54:15 Those who attacked Jerusalem (the Assyrians in 701 BC and the Babylonians in 605, 597, and 586 BC) did so with God’s permission, but after the restoration, their enemies will not be God-sent and will fall for that reason.
54:16-17 Using both military (weapon) and legal (accusation) metaphors, God proclaims that his people will withstand all attacks because of his protection.