Hebrews - Introduction

PLUS

NEXT I. The Superiority of the Son of God (Hebrews 1:1-14)

Introduction

Author

THE LETTER TO THE HEBREWS does not identify its author; therefore, there has been much speculation as to his identity. Some argue for Paul, Luke, Barnabas, Apollos, Timothy, Silvanus, and others. But in the end, we cannot be certain. Regardless, the writer has an in-depth understanding of the Old Testament and the conventions of the religious life of Israel, including the priesthood (see 5:1-10; 7:1-28), the tabernacle/tent of meeting (see 9:1-14), and the sacrificial system (see 10:1-25). He also demonstrates a command of the Greek language. His range of vocabulary and the style in which he presented his arguments, in fact, resulted in what many have agreed is some of the most sophisticated writing in the New Testament.

Historically, many opted for either Paul or a missionary associate of his as the author of Hebrews because the writer was familiar with Paul’s companion Timothy (see 13:23). But while Paul was identified as the author by the early Christian writer Clement (ca. AD 150–215), and he was followed by other prominent church fathers like Eusebius and Augustine, no definitive case can be made. The best position might be that of Origen who wrote, “Who wrote the epistle, in truth God knows.” This uncertainty should not, however, trouble us. The early church received the letter as inspired and authoritative Scripture. It has unquestioned value for the Christian life.

Historical Background

The author presumably knew the Christian recipients of his letter well because he referred to them as “brothers and sisters” (3:12; 10:19; 13:22). Like him, they had heard about the gospel through the earliest followers of Jesus (2:3). They were Jewish Christians, having familiarity with the old covenant sacrificial system. Moreover, they were a group enduring various forms of persecution (10:32-34) under Emperor Nero prior to the destruction of the temple in AD 70. As a result, some among them had grown unwilling to grow spiritually and risked forfeiting—not their salvation—but the blessings and rewards God had in store for them. Thus, the author urges them to “go on to maturity” (6:1) and to hold fast to their commitment to Christ.

Message and Purpose

Hebrews is often considered one of the most difficult books in the New Testament to interpret, second only to Revelation. That’s because Hebrews is very dependent on the Old Testament for much of what the author has to say to Jewish Christians who have come upon hard times and are considering bailing out on their Christian commitment to return to Judaism.

This letter’s recipients were wondering whether following Christ was worth the persecution. In effect, the author of Hebrews urged them, “Yes it is! Keep going. Don’t turn back. Jesus is worth the trouble.” That’s also the same message Hebrews offers to anyone today who is encountering opposition in the Christian faith and thinking of throwing in the towel. Some things are worth the struggle, and some things aren’t. But Jesus definitely is!

The author has a lot to say about how Jesus is superior to the Old Testament sacrificial system. Hebrews will rev up your faith in Christ and his unshakeable kingdom. Following him is worth it.

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