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Deuteronomio 20

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Instrucciones para la guerra

1 Ā»Cuando salgas a pelear contra tus enemigos y veas un ejĆ©rcito superior al tuyo, con muchos caballos y carros de guerra, no les temas, porque el SEƑOR tu Dios, que te sacó de Egipto, estarĆ” contigo.
2 Cuando estƩs a punto de entrar en batalla, el sacerdote pasarƔ al frente y exhortarƔ al ejƩrcito
3 con estas palabras: ā€œĀ”Escucha, Israel! Hoy vas a entrar en batalla contra tus enemigos. No te desanimes ni tengas miedo; no te acobardes ni te llenes de pavor ante ellos,
4 porque el SEƑOR tu Dios estĆ” contigo; Ć©l pelearĆ” en favor tuyo y te darĆ” la victoria sobre tus enemigosā€.
5 Ā»Luego los oficiales le dirĆ”n al ejĆ©rcito: ā€œSi alguno de ustedes ha construido una casa nueva y no la ha estrenado, que vuelva a su casa, no sea que muera en batalla y otro la estrene.
6 Y si alguno ha plantado una viƱa y no ha disfrutado de las uvas, que vuelva a su finca, no sea que muera en batalla y sea otro el que disfrute de ellas.
7 Y si alguno se ha comprometido con una mujer y no se ha casado, que regrese a su pueblo, no sea que muera en batalla y sea otro el que se case con ellaā€.
8 Y aƱadirĆ”n los oficiales: ā€œSi alguno de ustedes es miedoso o cobarde, que vuelva a su casa, no sea que desanime tambiĆ©n a sus hermanosā€.
9 Cuando los oficiales hayan terminado de hablar, nombrarƔn capitanes que dirijan el ejƩrcito.
10 »Cuando te acerques a una ciudad para atacarla, hazle primero una oferta de paz.
11 Si acepta y abre las puertas, todos los habitantes de esa ciudad quedarƔn bajo tu dominio y serƔn tus esclavos.
12 Pero si la ciudad rechaza la paz y entra en batalla contra ti, la sitiarƔs;
13 y cuando el SEƑOR tu Dios la entregue en tus manos, matarĆ”s a filo de espada a todos sus hombres.
14 Como botĆ­n, podrĆ”s retener a las mujeres y a los niƱos, y el ganado y todo lo demĆ”s que haya en la ciudad. TambiĆ©n podrĆ”s comer del botĆ­n de tus enemigos, que te entrega el SEƑOR tu Dios.
15 Asƭ tratarƔs a todas las ciudades lejanas que no pertenezcan a las naciones vecinas.
16 Ā»Sin embargo, en las ciudades de los pueblos que el SEƑOR tu Dios te da como herencia, no dejarĆ”s nada con vida.
17 ExterminarĆ”s del todo a hititas, amorreos, cananeos, ferezeos, heveos y jebuseos, tal como el SEƑOR tu Dios te lo ha mandado.
18 De lo contrario, ellos te enseƱarĆ”n a hacer todas las cosas abominables que hacen para adorar a sus dioses, y pecarĆ”s contra el SEƑOR tu Dios.
19 »Si antes de conquistar una ciudad tienes que sitiarla por mucho tiempo, no derribes sus Ôrboles a golpe de hacha, pues necesitarÔs alimentarte de sus frutos. No los derribes, pues no son hombres que puedan defenderse de ti sino solo Ôrboles del campo.
20 Sin embargo, podrƔs derribar los Ɣrboles que no sean frutales y construir con ellos instrumentos de asedio contra la ciudad que tengas sitiada, hasta que caiga bajo tu dominio.

Deuteronomio 20 Commentary

Chapter 20

Exhortation and proclamation respecting those who went to war. (1-9) Peace to be offered, What cities were to be devoted. (10-20)

Verses 1-9 In the wars wherein Israel engaged according to the will of God, they might expect the Divine assistance. The Lord was to be their only confidence. In these respects they were types of the Christian's warfare. Those unwilling to fight, must be sent away. The unwillingness might arise from a man's outward condition. God would not be served by men forced against their will. Thy people shall be willing, ( Psalms 110:3 ) . In running the Christian race, and fighting the good fight of faith, we must lay aside all that would make us unwilling. If a man's unwillingness rose from weakness and fear, he had leave to return from the war. The reason here given is, lest his brethren's heart fail as well as his heart. We must take heed that we fear not with the fear of them that are afraid, Isa. 8:12 .

Verses 10-12 The Israelites are here directed about the nations on whom they made war. Let this show God's grace in dealing with sinners. He proclaims peace, and beseeches them to be reconciled. Let it also show us our duty in dealing with our brethren. Whoever are for war, we must be for peace. Of the cities given to Israel, none of their inhabitants must be left. Since it could not be expected that they should be cured of their idolatry, they would hurt Israel. These regulations are not the rules of our conduct, but Christ's law of love. The horrors of war must fill the feeling heart with anguish upon every recollection; and are proofs of the wickedness of man, the power of Satan, and the just vengeance of God, who thus scourges a guilty world. But how dreadful their case who are engaged in unequal conflict with their Maker, who will not submit to render him the easy tribute of worship and praise! Certain ruin awaits them. Let neither the number nor the power of the enemies of our souls dismay us; nor let even our own weakness cause us to tremble or to faint. The Lord will save us; but in this war let none engage whose hearts are fond of the world, or afraid of the cross and the conflict. Care is here taken that in besieging cities the fruit-trees should not be destroyed. God is a better friend to man than he is to himself; and God's law consults our interests and comforts; while our own appetites and passions, which we indulge, are enemies to our welfare. Many of the Divine precepts restrain us from destroying that which is for our life and food. The Jews understand this as forbidding all wilful waste upon any account whatsoever. Every creature of God is good; as nothing is to be refused, so nothing is to be abused. We may live to want what we carelessly waste.

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Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 20

In this chapter rules are given to be observed in times of war. When a battle was near, a priest was to address the soldiers, and encourage them to fight, De 20:1-4, then the officers were to declare who might return home, De 20:5-9 when an enemy's city was approached, peace was to be proclaimed on certain conditions, which, if accepted of, the inhabitants were to be tributaries and servants, but if not, when taken, all were to be put to the sword, excepting women, children, and cattle, De 20:10-15, but those of the seven nations were to be utterly destroyed, De 20:16-18, and, during a siege, no trees bearing fruit fit for food were to be cut down, De 20:19.

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La Santa Biblia, Nueva Versión Internacional® NVI® Copyright © 1999 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.

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