Deuteronômio 32

1 “Escutem, ó céus, e eu falarei;ouça, ó terra, as palavras da minha boca.

2 Que o meu ensino caia como chuvae as minhas palavras desçam como orvalho,como chuva branda sobre o pasto novo,como garoa sobre tenras plantas.

3 “Proclamarei o nome do SENHOR.Louvem a grandeza do nosso Deus!

4 Ele é a Rocha, as suas obras são perfeitas,e todos os seus caminhos são justos.É Deus fiel, que não comete erros;justo e reto ele é.

5 “Seus filhos têm agido corruptamente para com ele,e não como filhos; que vergonha! São geração corrompida e depravada.^[a]

6 É assim que retribuem ao SENHOR,povo insensato e ignorante?Não é ele o Pai de vocês, o seu Criador,^[b]que os fez e os formou?

7 “Lembrem-se dos dias do passado;considerem as gerações há muito passadas.Perguntem aos seus pais, e estes contarão a vocês,aos seus líderes, e eles explicarão a vocês.

8 Quando o Altíssimo deu às nações a sua herança,quando dividiu toda a humanidade,estabeleceu fronteiras para os povosde acordo com o número dos filhos de Israel.^[c]

9 Pois o povo preferido do SENHOR é este povo,Jacó é a herança que lhe coube.

10 “Numa terra deserta ele o encontrou,numa região árida e de ventos uivantes.Ele o protegeu e dele cuidou;guardou-o como a menina dos seus olhos,

11 como a águia que desperta a sua ninhada,paira sobre os seus filhotes,e depois estende as asas para apanhá-los,levando-os sobre elas.

12 O SENHOR sozinho o levou;nenhum deus estrangeiro o ajudou.

13 “Ele o fez cavalgar nos lugares altos da terrae o alimentou com o fruto dos campos.Ele o nutriu com mel tirado da rocha,e com óleo extraído do penhasco pedregoso,

14 com coalhada e leite do gado e do rebanho,e com cordeiros e bodes cevados;com os melhores carneiros de Basãe com as mais excelentes sementes de trigo.Você bebeu o espumoso sangue das uvas.

15 “Jesurum^[d] engordou e deu pontapés;você engordou, tornou-se pesado e farto de comida.Abandonou o Deus que o feze rejeitou a Rocha, que é o seu Salvador.

16 Eles o deixaram com ciúmes por causa dos deuses estrangeiros,e o provocaram com os seus ídolos abomináveis.

17 Sacrificaram a demônios que não são Deus,a deuses que não conheceram,a deuses que surgiram recentemente,a deuses que os seus antepassados não adoraram.

18 Vocês abandonaram a Rocha, que os gerou;vocês se esqueceram do Deus que os fez nascer.

19 “O SENHOR viu isso e os rejeitou,porque foi provocado pelos seus filhos e suas filhas.

20 ‘Esconderei o meu rosto deles’, disse,‘e verei qual o fim que terão;pois são geração perversa,filhos infiéis.

21 Provocaram-me os ciúmes com aquilo que nem deus ée irritaram-me com seus ídolos inúteis.Farei que tenham ciúmes de quem não é meu povo;eu os provocarei à ira por meio de uma nação insensata.

22 Pois um fogo foi aceso pela minha ira,fogo que queimará até as profundezas do Sheol.^[e]Ele devorará a terra e as suas colheitase consumirá os alicerces dos montes.

23 “ ‘Amontoarei desgraças sobre elese contra eles gastarei as minhas flechas.

24 Enviarei dentes de feras, uma fome devastadora,uma peste avassaladora e uma praga mortal;enviarei contra eles dentes de animais selvagens,e veneno de víboras que se arrastam no pó.

25 Nas ruas a espada os deixará sem filhos;em seus lares reinará o terror.Morrerão moços e moças,crianças e homens já grisalhos.

26 Eu disse que os dispersariae que apagaria da humanidade a lembrança deles.

27 Mas temi a provocação do inimigo,que o adversário entendesse male dissesse: “A nossa mão triunfou;o SENHOR nada fez”.’

28 “É uma nação sem juízoe sem discernimento.

29 Quem dera fossem sábiose entendessem; e compreendessem qual será o seu fim!

30 Como poderia um só homem perseguir mil,ou dois porem em fuga dez mil,a não ser que a sua Rocha os tivesse vendido,a não ser que o SENHOR os tivesse abandonado?

31 Pois a rocha deles não é como a nossa Rocha,com o que até mesmo os nossos inimigos concordam.

32 A vinha deles é de Sodomae das lavouras de Gomorra.Suas uvas estão cheias de veneno,e seus cachos, de amargura.

33 O vinho deles é a peçonha das serpentes,o veneno mortal das cobras.

34 “ ‘Acaso não guardei isto em segredo?Não o selei em meus tesouros?

35 A mim pertence a vingança e a retribuição.No devido tempo os pés deles escorregarão;o dia da sua desgraça está chegandoe o seu próprio destino se apressa sobre eles’.

36 “O SENHOR defenderá o seu povoe terá compaixão dos seus servos,quando vir que a força deles se esvaiue que ninguém sobrou, nem escravo nem livre.

37 Ele dirá: ‘Agora, onde estão os seus deuses,a rocha em que se refugiaram,

38 os deuses que comeram a gordura dos seus sacrifíciose beberam o vinho das suas ofertas derramadas?Que eles se levantem para ajudá-los!Que eles ofereçam abrigo a vocês!

39 “ ‘Vejam agora que eu sou o único, eu mesmo.Não há Deus além de mim.Faço morrer e faço viver,feri e curarei,e ninguém é capaz de livrar-se da minha mão.

40 Ergo a minha mão para os céus e declaro:Juro pelo meu nome que,

41 quando eu afiar a minha espada refulgentee a minha mão empunhá-la para julgar,eu me vingarei dos meus adversáriose retribuirei àqueles que me odeiam.

42 Embeberei as minhas flechas em sangue,enquanto a minha espada devorar carne:o sangue dos mortos e dos cativos,as cabeças dos líderes inimigos’.

43 “Cantem de alegria, ó nações, com o povo dele,^[f][g]pois ele vingará o sangue dos seus servos;retribuirá com vingança aos seus adversáriose fará propiciação por sua terra e por seu povo”.

44 Moisés veio com Josué,^[h] filho de Num, e recitou todas as palavras dessa canção na presença do povo.

45 Quando Moisés terminou de recitar todas essas palavras a todo o Israel,

46 disse-lhes: “Guardem no coração todas as palavras que hoje declarei a vocês solenemente, para que ordenem aos seus filhos que obedeçam fielmente a todas as palavras desta lei.

47 Elas não são palavras inúteis. São a sua vida. Por meio delas vocês viverão muito tempo na terra da qual tomarão posse do outro lado do Jordão”.

48 Naquele mesmo dia, o SENHOR disse a Moisés:

49 “Suba as montanhas de Abarim, até o monte Nebo, em Moabe, em frente de Jericó, e contemple Canaã, a terra que dou aos israelitas como propriedade.

50 Ali, na montanha que você tiver subido, você morrerá e será reunido aos seus antepassados, assim como o seu irmão Arão morreu no monte Hor e foi reunido aos seus antepassados.

51 Assim será porque vocês dois foram infiéis para comigo na presença dos israelitas, junto às águas de Meribá, em Cades, no deserto de Zim, e porque vocês não sustentaram a minha santidade no meio dos israelitas.

52 Portanto, você verá a terra somente a distância, mas não entrará na terra que estou dando ao povo de Israel”.

Deuteronômio 32 Commentary

Chapter 32

The song of Moses. (1,2) The character of God, The character of Israel. (3-6) The great things God had done for Israel. (7-14) The wickedness of Israel. (19-25) The judgments which would come upon them for their sins. (15-18) Deserved vengeance withheld. (26-38) God's deliverance for his people. (39-43) The exhortation with which the song was delivered. (44-47) Moses to go up mount Nebo to die. (48-52)

Verses 1-2 Moses begins with a solemn appeal to heaven and earth, concerning the truth and importance of what he was about to say. His doctrine is the gospel, the speech of God, the doctrine of Christ; the doctrine of grace and mercy through him, and of life and salvation by him.

Verses 3-6 "He is a Rock." This is the first time God is called so in Scripture. The expression denotes that the Divine power, faithfulness, and love, as revealed in Christ and the gospel, form a foundation which cannot be changed or moved, on which we may build our hopes of happiness. And under his protection we may find refuge from all our enemies, and in all our troubles; as the rocks in those countries sheltered from the burning rays of the sun, and from tempests, or were fortresses from the enemy. "His work is perfect:" that of redemption and salvation, in which there is a display of all the Divine perfection, complete in all its parts. All God's dealings with his creatures are regulated by wisdom which cannot err, and perfect justice. He is indeed just and right; he takes care that none shall lose by him. A high charge is exhibited against Israel. Even God's children have their spots, while in this imperfect state; for if we say we have no sin, no spot, we deceive ourselves. But the sin of Israel was not habitual, notorious, unrepented sin; which is a certain mark of the children of Satan. They were fools to forsake their mercies for lying vanities. All wilful sinners, especially sinners in Israel, are unwise and ungrateful.

Verses 7-14 Moses gives particular instances of God's kindness and concern for them. The eagle's care for her young is a beautiful emblem of Christ's love, who came between Divine justice and our guilty souls, and bare our sins in his own body on the tree. And by the preached gospel, and the influences of the Holy Spirit, He stirs up and prevails upon sinners to leave Satan's bondage. ( deuteronomy 32:13-14 ) their spiritual enemies, sin, Satan, and the world, in and through Christ. Also of their safety and triumph in him; of their happy frames of soul, when they are above the world, and the things of it. This will be the blessed case of spiritual Israel in every sense in the latter day.

Verses 15-18 Here are two instances of the wickedness of Israel, each was apostacy from God. These people were called Jeshurun, "an upright people," so some; "a seeing people," so others: but they soon lost the reputation both of their knowledge and of their righteousness. They indulged their appetites, as if they had nothing to do but to make provision for the flesh to fulfil the lusts of it. Those who make a god of themselves, and a god of their bellies, in pride and wantonness, and cannot bear to be told of it, thereby forsake God, and show they esteem him lightly. There is but one way of a sinner's acceptance and sanctification, however different modes of irreligion, or false religion, may show that favourable regard for other ways, which is often miscalled candid. How mad are idolaters, who forsake the Rock of salvation, to run themselves upon the rock of perdition!

Verses 19-25 The revolt of Israel was described in the foregoing verses, and here follow the resolves of Divine justice as to them. We deceive ourselves, if we think that God will be mocked by a faithless people. Sin makes us hateful in the sight of the holy God. See what mischief sin does, and reckon those to be fools that mock at it.

Verses 26-38 The idolatry and rebellions of Israel deserved, and the justice of God seemed to demand, that they should be rooted out. But He spared Israel, and continues them still to be living witnesses of the truth of the Bible, and to silence unbelievers. They are preserved for wise and holy purposes and the prophecies give us some idea what those purposes are. The Lord will never disgrace the throne of his glory. It is great wisdom, and will help much to the return of sinners to God, seriously to consider their latter end, or the future state. It is here meant particularly of what God foretold by Moses, about this people in the latter days; but it may be applied generally. Oh that men would consider the happiness they will lose, and the misery they will certainly plunge into, if they go on in their trespasses! What will be in the end thereof? ( Jeremiah 5:31 ) . For the Lord will in due time bring down the enemies of the church, in displeasure against their wickedness. When sinners deem themselves most secure, they suddenly fall into destruction. And God's time to appear for the deliverance of his people, is when things are at the worst with them. But those who trust to any rock but God, will find it fail them when they most need it. The rejection of the Messiah by the Jewish nation, is the continuance of their ancient idolatry, apostacy, and rebellion. They shall be brought to humble themselves before the Lord, to repent of their sins, and to trust in their long-rejected Mediator for salvation. Then he will deliver them, and make their prosperity great.

Verses 39-43 This conclusion of the song speaks, 1. Glory to God. No escape can be made from his power. 2. It speaks terror to his enemies. Terror indeed to those who hate him. The wrath of God is here revealed from heaven against them. 3. It speaks comfort to his own people. The song concludes with words of joy. Whatever judgments are brought upon sinners, it shall go well with the people of God.

Verses 44-47 Here is the solemn delivery of this song to Israel, with a charge to mind all the good words Moses had said unto them. It is not a trifle, but a matter of life and death: mind it, and you are made for ever; neglect it, and you are for ever undone. Oh that men were fully persuaded that religion is their life, even the life of their souls!

Verses 48-52 Now Moses had done his work, why should he desire to live a day longer? God reminds him of the sin of which he had been guilty, for which he was kept from entering Canaan. It is good for the best of men to die repenting the infirmities of which they are conscious. But those may die with comfort and ease, whenever God calls for them, notwithstanding the sins they remember against themselves, who have a believing prospect, and a well-grounded hope of eternal life beyond death.

Footnotes

• [a]. Ou "Corruptos são eles e não os seus filhos, uma geração corrompida e depravada para a sua vergonha."
• [b]. Ou "que os comprou"
• [c]. Os manuscritos do mar Morto dizem "filhos de Deus."
• [d]. "Jesurum (nome poético de Israel) " significa "o íntegro; " também em 33.5 e 26.
• [e]. Essa palavra pode ser traduzida por "sepultura, profundezas, pó " ou "morte."
• [f]. Ou "Façam o povo dele cantar de alegria, ó nações,"
• [g]. Os manuscritos do mar Morto dizem "povo dele, e todos os anjos o adorem,"
• [h]. Hebraico: "Oseias, variante de Josué."

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 32

This chapter contains the song mentioned and referred to in the former, the preface to it, De 32:1-3; the character of the divine and illustrious Person it chiefly respects, De 32:4; the ingratitude of the people of the Jews to him, who were a crooked and perverse generation, aggravated by his having bought, made, and established them, De 32:5,6; and which is further aggravated by various instances of divine goodness to them, first in providing and reserving a suitable country for them, at the time of the division of the earth to the sons of men, with the reason of it, De 32:7-9; then by what the Lord did for them in the wilderness, De 32:10-12; after that in the land of Canaan, where they enjoyed plenty of all good things, and in the possession of which they were, when the illustrious Person described appeared among them, De 32:13,14; and then the sin of ingratitude to him, before hinted at, is fully expressed, namely, lightly esteeming the rock of salvation, the Messiah, De 32:15; nor could they stop here, but proceed to more ungodliness, setting up other messiahs and saviours, which were an abomination to the Lord, De 32:16; continuing sacrifices when they should not, which were therefore reckoned no other than sacrifices to demons, and especially the setting up of their new idol, their own righteousness, was highly provoking; and by all this they clearly showed they had forgot the rock, the Saviour, De 32:17,18; wherefore, for the rejection of the Messiah and the, persecution of his followers, they would be abhorred of God, De 32:19; who would show his resentment by the rejection of them, by the calling of the Gentiles, and by bringing the nation of the Romans upon them, De 32:20,21; whereby utter ruin and destruction in all its shapes would be brought upon them, De 32:22-25; and, were it not for the insolence of their adversaries, would be entirely destroyed, being such a foolish and unwise people, which appears by not observing what the enemies of the Messiah themselves allow, that there is no rock like him, whom they despised, De 32:26-31; which enemies are described, and the vengeance reserved for them pointed out, De 32:32-35; and the song closed with promises of grace and mercy to the Lord's people, and wrath and ruin to his and their enemies, on which account all are called upon to rejoice in the latter day, De 32:36-43; and this song being delivered by Moses, the people of Israel are exhorted seriously to attend to it, it being of the utmost importance to them, De 32:44-47; and the chapter is concluded with a relation of Moses being ordered to go up to Mount Nebo and die, with the reason of it, De 32:48-52.