Êxodo 33

1 Depois ordenou o SENHOR a Moisés: “Saia deste lugar, com o povo que você tirou do Egito, e vá para a terra que prometi com juramento a Abraão, a Isaque e a Jacó, dizendo: ‘Eu a darei a seus descendentes’.

2 Mandarei à sua frente um anjo e expulsarei os cananeus, os amorreus, os hititas, os ferezeus, os heveus e os jebuseus.

3 Vão para a terra onde há leite e mel com fartura. Mas eu não irei com vocês, pois vocês são um povo obstinado, e eu poderia destruí-los no caminho”.

4 Quando o povo ouviu essas palavras terríveis, começou a chorar, e ninguém usou enfeite algum.

5 Isso porque o SENHOR ordenara que Moisés dissesse aos israelitas: “Vocês são um povo obstinado. Se eu fosse com vocês, ainda que por um só momento, eu os destruiria. Agora tirem os seus enfeites, e eu decidirei o que fazer com vocês”.

6 Por isso, do monte Horebe em diante, os israelitas não usaram mais nenhum enfeite.

A Tenda do Encontro

7 Moisés costumava montar uma tenda do lado de fora do acampamento; ele a chamava Tenda do Encontro. Quem quisesse consultar o SENHOR ia à tenda, fora do acampamento.

8 Sempre que Moisés ia até lá, todo o povo se levantava e ficava em pé à entrada de suas tendas, observando-o, até que ele entrasse na tenda.

9 Assim que Moisés entrava, a coluna de nuvem descia e ficava à entrada da tenda, enquanto o SENHOR falava com Moisés.

10 Quando o povo via a coluna de nuvem parada à entrada da tenda, todos prestavam adoração em pé, cada qual na entrada de sua própria tenda.

11 O SENHOR falava com Moisés face a face, como quem fala com seu amigo. Depois Moisés voltava ao acampamento; mas Josué, filho de Num, que lhe servia como auxiliar, não se afastava da tenda.

Moisés diante da Glória de Deus

12 Disse Moisés ao SENHOR: “Tu me ordenaste: ‘Conduza este povo’, mas não me permites saber quem enviarás comigo. Disseste: ‘Eu o conheço pelo nome e de você tenho me agradado’.

13 Se me vês com agrado, revela-me os teus propósitos, para que eu te conheça e continue sendo aceito por ti. Lembra-te de que esta nação é o teu povo”.

14 Respondeu o SENHOR: “Eu mesmo o acompanharei e lhe darei descanso”.

15 Então Moisés lhe declarou: “Se não fores conosco, não nos envies.

16 Como se saberá que eu e o teu povo podemos contar com o teu favor, se não nos acompanhares? Que mais poderá distinguir a mim e a teu povo de todos os demais povos da face da terra?”

17 O SENHOR disse a Moisés: “Farei o que me pede, porque tenho me agradado de você e o conheço pelo nome”.

18 Então disse Moisés: “Peço-te que me mostres a tua glória”.

19 E Deus respondeu: “Diante de você farei passar toda a minha bondade e diante de você proclamarei o meu nome: o SENHOR. Terei misericórdia de quem eu quiser ter misericórdia e terei compaixão de quem eu quiser ter compaixão”.

20 E acrescentou: “Você não poderá ver a minha face, porque ninguém poderá ver-me e continuar vivo”.

21 E prosseguiu o SENHOR: “Há aqui um lugar perto de mim, onde você ficará, em cima de uma rocha.

22 Quando a minha glória passar, eu o colocarei numa fenda da rocha e o cobrirei com a minha mão até que eu tenha acabado de passar.

23 Então tirarei a minha mão e você verá as minhas costas; mas a minha face ninguém poderá ver”.

Êxodo 33 Commentary

Chapter 33

The Lord refuses to go with Israel. (1-6) The tabernacle of Moses removed without the camp. (7-11) Moses desires to see the glory of God. (12-23)

Verses 1-6 Those whom God pardons, must be made to know what their sin deserved. "Let them go forward as they are;" this was very expressive of God's displeasure. Though he promises to make good his covenant with Abraham, in giving them Canaan, yet he denies them the tokens of his presence they had been blessed with. The people mourned for their sin. Of all the bitter fruits and consequences of sin, true penitents most lament, and dread most, God's departure from them. Canaan itself would be no pleasant land without the Lord's presence. Those who parted with ornaments to maintain sin, could do no less than lay aside ornaments, in token of sorrow and shame for it.

Verses 7-11 Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp. This seems to have been a temporary building, set up for worship, and at which he judged disputes among the people. The people looked after him; they were very desirous to be at peace with God, and concerned to know what would come to pass. The cloudy pillar which had withdrawn from the camp when it was polluted with idolatry, now returned. If our hearts go forth toward God to meet him, he will graciously come to meet us.

Verses 12-23 Moses is very earnest with God. Thus, by the intercession of Christ, we are not only saved from ruin, but become entitled to everlasting happiness. Observe here how he pleads. We find grace in God's sight, if we find grace in our hearts to guide and quicken us in the way of our duty. Moses speaks as one who dreaded the thought of going forward without the Lord's presence. God's gracious promises, and mercy towards us, should not only encourage our faith, but also excite our fervency in prayer. Observe how he speeds. See, in a type, Christ's intercession, which he ever lives to make for all that come to God by him; and that it is not by any thing in those for whom he intercedes. Moses then entreats a sight of God's glory, and is heard in that also. A full discovery of the glory of God, would overwhelm even Moses himself. Man is mean, and unworthy of it; weak, and could not bear it; guilty, and could not but dread it. The merciful display which is made in Christ Jesus, alone can be borne by us. The Lord granted that which would abundantly satisfy. God's goodness is his glory; and he will have us to know him by the glory of his mercy, more than by the glory of his majesty. Upon the rock there was a fit place for Moses to view the goodness and glory of God. The rock in Horeb was typical of Christ the Rock; the Rock of refuge, salvation, and strength. Happy are they who stand upon this Rock. The cleft may be an emblem of Christ, as smitten, crucified, wounded, and slain. What follows, denotes the imperfect knowledge of God in the present state, even as revealed in Christ; for this, when compared with the heavenly sight of him. is but like seeing a man that is gone by, whose back only is to be seen. God in Christ, as he is, even the fullest and brightest displays of his glory, grace, and goodness, are reserved to another state.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 33

This chapter informs us, that the Lord refusing to go with the people, only sending an angel with them, they are filled with concern, and troubled, Ex 33:1-6. Moses upon this pitched the tabernacle without the camp, where everyone that sought the Lord went; Moses entered into it himself, and the Lord talked to him in a friendly manner in the cloudy pillar that stood at the door of it, and the people worshipped, every man at his own tent door; all which foreboded good, and tended to reconciliation, Ex 33:7-11. Moses improved the opportunity, and entreats the presence of God to go with them, which was granted, Ex 33:12-17 and that he might have a sight of the glory of God; and this is promised to pass before him, he being put into the cleft of the rock, Ex 33:18-23.