Mateus 5

As Bem-aventuranças

1 Vendo as multidões, Jesus subiu ao monte e se assentou. Seus discípulos aproximaram-se dele,
2 e ele começou a ensiná-los, dizendo:
3 “Bem-aventurados[a] os pobres em espírito,pois deles é o Reino dos céus.
4 Bem-aventurados os que choram,pois serão consolados.
5 Bem-aventurados os humildes,pois eles receberão a terra por herança.
6 Bem-aventurados os que têm fome e sede de justiça,pois serão satisfeitos.
7 Bem-aventurados os misericordiosos,pois obterão misericórdia.
8 Bem-aventurados os puros de coração,pois verão a Deus.
9 Bem-aventurados os pacificadores,pois serão chamados filhos de Deus.
10 Bem-aventurados os perseguidos por causa da justiça,pois deles é o Reino dos céus.
11 “Bem-aventurados serão vocês quando, por minha causa, os insultarem, os perseguirem e levantarem todo tipo de calúnia contra vocês.
12 Alegrem-se e regozijem-se, porque grande é a sua recompensa nos céus, pois da mesma forma perseguiram os profetas que viveram antes de vocês.

O Sal da Terra e a Luz do Mundo

13 “Vocês são o sal da terra. Mas, se o sal perder o seu sabor, como restaurá-lo? Não servirá para nada, exceto para ser jogado fora e pisado pelos homens.
14 “Vocês são a luz do mundo. Não se pode esconder uma cidade construída sobre um monte.
15 E, também, ninguém acende uma candeia e a coloca debaixo de uma vasilha. Ao contrário, coloca-a no lugar apropriado, e assim ilumina a todos os que estão na casa.
16 Assim brilhe a luz de vocês diante dos homens, para que vejam as suas boas obras e glorifiquem ao Pai de vocês, que está nos céus.

Jesus Cumpre a Lei

17 “Não pensem que vim abolir a Lei ou os Profetas; não vim abolir, mas cumprir.
18 Digo a verdade: Enquanto existirem céus e terra, de forma alguma desaparecerá da Lei a menor letra ou o menor traço, até que tudo se cumpra.
19 Todo aquele que desobedecer a um desses mandamentos, ainda que dos menores, e ensinar os outros a fazerem o mesmo, será chamado menor no Reino dos céus; mas todo aquele que praticar e ensinar estes mandamentos será chamado grande no Reino dos céus.
20 Pois eu digo que, se a justiça de vocês não for muito superior à dos fariseus e mestres da lei, de modo nenhum entrarão no Reino dos céus.

O Homicídio

21 “Vocês ouviram o que foi dito aos seus antepassados: ‘Não matarás’,[b] e ‘quem matar estará sujeito a julgamento’.
22 Mas eu digo a vocês que qualquer que se irar contra seu irmão[c] estará sujeito a julgamento. Também, qualquer que disser a seu irmão: ‘Racá’,[d] será levado ao tribunal. E qualquer que disser: ‘Louco!’, corre o risco de ir para o fogo do inferno.
23 “Portanto, se você estiver apresentando sua oferta diante do altar e ali se lembrar de que seu irmão tem algo contra você,
24 deixe sua oferta ali, diante do altar, e vá primeiro reconciliar-se com seu irmão; depois volte e apresente sua oferta.
25 “Entre em acordo depressa com seu adversário que pretende levá-lo ao tribunal. Faça isso enquanto ainda estiver com ele a caminho, pois, caso contrário, ele poderá entregá-lo ao juiz, e o juiz ao guarda, e você poderá ser jogado na prisão.
26 Eu garanto que você não sairá de lá enquanto não pagar o último centavo.[e]

O Adultério

27 “Vocês ouviram o que foi dito: ‘Não adulterarás’.[f]
28 Mas eu digo: Qualquer que olhar para uma mulher e desejá-la, já cometeu adultério com ela no seu coração.
29 Se o seu olho direito o fizer pecar, arranque-o e lance-o fora. É melhor perder uma parte do seu corpo do que ser todo ele lançado no inferno.
30 E, se a sua mão direita o fizer pecar, corte-a e lance-a fora. É melhor perder uma parte do seu corpo do que ir todo ele para o inferno.

O Divórcio

31 “Foi dito: ‘Aquele que se divorciar de sua mulher deverá dar-lhe certidão de divórcio’.[g]
32 Mas eu digo que todo aquele que se divorciar de sua mulher, exceto por imoralidade sexual,[h] faz que ela se torne adúltera, e quem se casar com a mulher divorciada estará cometendo adultério.

Os Juramentos

33 “Vocês também ouviram o que foi dito aos seus antepassados: ‘Não jure falsamente,[i] mas cumpra os juramentos que você fez diante do Senhor’.
34 Mas eu digo: Não jurem de forma alguma: nem pelos céus, porque é o trono de Deus;
35 nem pela terra, porque é o estrado de seus pés; nem por Jerusalém, porque é a cidade do grande Rei.
36 E não jure pela sua cabeça, pois você não pode tornar branco ou preto nem um fio de cabelo.
37 Seja o seu ‘sim’, ‘sim’, e o seu ‘não’, ‘não’; o que passar disso vem do Maligno.

A Vingança

38 “Vocês ouviram o que foi dito: ‘Olho por olho e dente por dente’.[j]
39 Mas eu digo: Não resistam ao perverso. Se alguém o ferir na face direita, ofereça-lhe também a outra.
40 E, se alguém quiser processá-lo e tirar de você a túnica, deixe que leve também a capa.
41 Se alguém o forçar a caminhar com ele uma milha,[k] vá com ele duas.
42 Dê a quem pede, e não volte as costas àquele que deseja pedir algo emprestado.

O Amor aos Inimigos

43 “Vocês ouviram o que foi dito: ‘Ame o seu próximo[l] e odeie o seu inimigo’.
44 Mas eu digo: Amem os seus inimigos[m] e orem por aqueles que os perseguem,
45 para que vocês venham a ser filhos de seu Pai que está nos céus. Porque ele faz raiar o seu sol sobre maus e bons e derrama chuva sobre justos e injustos.
46 Se vocês amarem aqueles que os amam, que recompensa vocês receberão? Até os publicanos[n] fazem isso!
47 E, se saudarem apenas os seus irmãos, o que estarão fazendo de mais? Até os pagãos fazem isso!
48 Portanto, sejam perfeitos como perfeito é o Pai celestial de vocês.

Images for Mateus 5

Mateus 5 Commentary

Chapter 5

Christ's sermon on the mount. (1,2) Who are blessed. (3-12) Exhortations and warnings. (13-16) Christ came to confirm the law. (17-20) The sixth commandment. (21-26) The seventh commandment. (27-32) The third commandment. (33-37) The law of retaliation. (38-42) The law of love explained. (43-48)

Verses 1-2 None will find happiness in this world or the next, who do not seek it from Christ by the rule of his word. He taught them what was the evil they should abhor, and what the good they should seek and abound in.

Verses 3-12 Our Saviour here gives eight characters of blessed people, which represent to us the principal graces of a Christian. 1. The poor in spirit are happy. These bring their minds to their condition, when it is a low condition. They are humble and lowly in their own eyes. They see their want, bewail their guilt, and thirst after a Redeemer. The kingdom of grace is of such; the kingdom of glory is for them. 2. Those that mourn are happy. That godly sorrow which worketh true repentance, watchfulness, a humble mind, and continual dependence for acceptance on the mercy of God in Christ Jesus, with constant seeking the Holy Spirit, to cleanse away the remaining evil, seems here to be intended. Heaven is the joy of our Lord; a mountain of joy, to which our way is through a vale of tears. Such mourners shall be comforted by their God. 3. The meek are happy. The meek are those who quietly submit to God; who can bear insult; are silent, or return a soft answer; who, in their patience, keep possession of their own souls, when they can scarcely keep possession of anything else. These meek ones are happy, even in this world. Meekness promotes wealth, comfort, and safety, even in this world. 4. Those who hunger and thirst after righteousness are happy. Righteousness is here put for all spiritual blessings. These are purchased for us by the righteousness of Christ, confirmed by the faithfulness of God. Our desires of spiritual blessings must be earnest. Though all desires for grace are not grace, yet such a desire as this, is a desire of God's own raising, and he will not forsake the work of his own hands. 5. The merciful are happy. We must not only bear our own afflictions patiently, but we must do all we can to help those who are in misery. We must have compassion on the souls of others, and help them; pity those who are in sin, and seek to snatch them as brands out of the burning. 6. The pure in heart are happy; for they shall see God. Here holiness and happiness are fully described and put together. The heart must be purified by faith, and kept for God. Create in me such a clean heart, O God. None but the pure are capable of seeing God, nor would heaven be happiness to the impure. As God cannot endure to look upon their iniquity, so they cannot look upon his purity. 7. The peace-makers are happy. They love, and desire, and delight in peace; and study to be quiet. They keep the peace that it be not broken, and recover it when it is broken. If the peace-makers are blessed, woe to the peace-breakers! 8. Those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake are happy. This saying is peculiar to Christianity; and it is more largely insisted upon than any of the rest. Yet there is nothing in our sufferings that can merit of God; but God will provide that those who lose for him, though life itself, shall not lose by him in the end. Blessed Jesus! how different are thy maxims from those of men of this world! They call the proud happy, and admire the gay, the rich, the powerful, and the victorious. May we find mercy from the Lord; may we be owned as his children, and inherit his kingdom. With these enjoyments and hopes, we may cheerfully welcome low or painful circumstances.

Verses 13-16 Ye are the salt of the earth. Mankind, lying in ignorance and wickedness, were as a vast heap, ready to putrify; but Christ sent forth his disciples, by their lives and doctrines to season it with knowledge and grace. If they are not such as they should be, they are as salt that has lost its savour. If a man can take up the profession of Christ, and yet remain graceless, no other doctrine, no other means, can make him profitable. Our light must shine, by doing such good works as men may see. What is between God and our souls, must be kept to ourselves; but that which is of itself open to the sight of men, we must study to make suitable to our profession, and praiseworthy. We must aim at the glory of God.

Verses 17-20 Let none suppose that Christ allows his people to trifle with any commands of God's holy law. No sinner partakes of Christ's justifying righteousness, till he repents of his evil deeds. The mercy revealed in the gospel leads the believer to still deeper self-abhorrence. The law is the Christian's rule of duty, and he delights therein. If a man, pretending to be Christ's disciple, encourages himself in any allowed disobedience to the holy law of God, or teaches others to do the same, whatever his station or reputation among men may be, he can be no true disciple. Christ's righteousness, imputed to us by faith alone, is needed by every one that enters the kingdom of grace or of glory; but the new creation of the heart to holiness, produces a thorough change in a man's temper and conduct.

Verses 21-26 The Jewish teachers had taught, that nothing except actual murder was forbidden by the sixth commandment. Thus they explained away its spiritual meaning. Christ showed the full meaning of this commandment; according to which we must be judged hereafter, and therefore ought to be ruled now. All rash anger is heart murder. By our brother, here, we are to understand any person, though ever so much below us, for we are all made of one blood. "Raca," is a scornful word, and comes from pride: "Thou fool," is a spiteful word, and comes from hatred. Malicious slanders and censures are poison that kills secretly and slowly. Christ told them that how light soever they made of these sins, they would certainly be called into judgment for them. We ought carefully to preserve Christian love and peace with all our brethren; and if at any time there is a quarrel, we should confess our fault, humble ourselves to our brother, making or offering satisfaction for wrong done in word or deed: and we should do this quickly; because, till this is done, we are unfit for communion with God in holy ordinances. And when we are preparing for any religious exercises, it is good for us to make that an occasion of serious reflection and self-examination. What is here said is very applicable to our being reconciled to God through Christ. While we are alive, we are in the way to his judgement-seat; after death, it will be too late. When we consider the importance of the case, and the uncertainty of life, how needful it is to seek peace with God, without delay!

Verses 27-32 Victory over the desires of the heart, must be attended with painful exertions. But it must be done. Every thing is bestowed to save us from our sins, not in them. All our senses and powers must be kept from those things which lead to transgression. Those who lead others into temptation to sin, by dress or in other ways, or leave them in it, or expose them to it, make themselves guilty of their sin, and will be accountable for it. If painful operations are submitted to, that our lives may be saved, what ought our minds to shrink from, when the salvation of our souls is concerned? There is tender mercy under all the Divine requirements, and the grace and consolations of the Spirit will enable us to attend to them.

Verses 33-37 There is no reason to consider that solemn oaths in a court of justice, or on other proper occasions, are wrong, provided they are taken with due reverence. But all oaths taken without necessity, or in common conversation, must be sinful, as well as all those expressions which are appeals to God, though persons think thereby to evade the guilt of swearing. The worse men are, the less they are bound by oaths; the better they are, the less there is need for them. Our Lord does not enjoin the precise terms wherein we are to affirm or deny, but such a constant regard to truth as would render oaths unnecessary.

Verses 38-42 The plain instruction is, Suffer any injury that can be borne, for the sake of peace, committing your concerns to the Lord's keeping. And the sum of all is, that Christians must avoid disputing and striving. If any say, Flesh and blood cannot pass by such an affront, let them remember, that flesh and blood shall not inherit the kingdom of God; and those who act upon right principles will have most peace and comfort.

Verses 43-48 The Jewish teachers by "neighbour" understood only those who were of their own country, nation, and religion, whom they were pleased to look upon as their friends. The Lord Jesus teaches that we must do all the real kindness we can to all, especially to their souls. We must pray for them. While many will render good for good, we must render good for evil; and this will speak a nobler principle than most men act by. Others salute their brethren, and embrace those of their own party, and way, and opinion, but we must not so confine our respect. It is the duty of Christians to desire, and aim at, and press towards perfection in grace and holiness. And therein we must study to conform ourselves to the example of our heavenly Father, 1Pe. 1:15, 1Pe. 1:16 . Surely more is to be expected from the followers of Christ than from others; surely more will be found in them than in others. Let us beg of God to enable us to prove ourselves his children.

Footnotes 14

  • [a]. Isto é, como são felizes; também nos versículos 4 a 11.
  • [b]. Êx 20.13; Dt 5.17
  • [c]. Alguns manuscritos acrescentam "sem motivo."
  • [d]. Termo aramaico de desprezo, equivalente a tolo.
  • [e]. Grego: "quadrante."
  • [f]. Êx 20.14; Dt 5.18
  • [g]. Dt 24.1
  • [h]. Grego: "porneia; " termo genérico que se refere a práticas sexuais ilícitas.
  • [i]. Lv 19.12; Nm 30.2
  • [j]. Êx 21.24; Lv 24.20; Dt 19.21
  • [k]. A milha romana tinha cerca de 1.500 metros.
  • [l]. Lv 19.18
  • [m]. Alguns manuscritos acrescentam "abençoem os que os amaldiçoam, façam o bem aos que os odeiam"
  • [n]. Os publicanos eram coletores de impostos, malvistos pelo povo; também em 9.10, 11; 10.3; 11.19; 18.17; 21.31 e 32.

Mateus 5 Commentaries

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