2 Samuele 1

1 Or avvenne che, dopo la morte di Saul, Davide, tornato dalla sconfitta degli Amalekiti, si fermò due giorni a Tsiklag.

2 Quand’ecco, il terzo giorno, arrivare dal campo, di presso a Saul, un uomo colle vesti stracciate e col capo sparso di polvere, il quale, giunto in presenza di Davide, si gettò in terra e gli si prostrò dinanzi.

3 Davide gli chiese: "Donde vieni?" L’altro gli rispose: "Sono fuggito dal campo d’Israele".

4 Davide gli disse: "Che e successo? dimmelo, ti prego". Quegli rispose: "Il popolo è fuggito dal campo di battaglia, e molti uomini son caduti e morti; e anche Saul e Gionathan, suo figliuolo, sono morti".

5 Davide domandò al giovine che gli raccontava queste cose: "Come sai tu che Saul e Gionathan, suo figliuolo, siano morti?"

6 Il giovine che gli raccontava queste cose, disse: "Mi trovavo per caso sul monte Ghilboa, e vidi Saul che si appoggiava sulla sua lancia, e i carri e i cavalieri lo stringevano da presso.

7 Egli si voltò indietro, mi vide e mi chiamò. Io risposi: "Eccomi."

8 Egli mi chiese: "Chi sei tu?" Io gli risposi: "Sono un Amalekita".

9 Egli mi disse: "Appressati e uccidimi, poiché m’ha preso la vertigine, ma sono sempre vivo".

10 Io dunque mi appressai e lo uccisi, perché sapevo che, una volta caduto, non avrebbe potuto vivere. Poi presi il diadema ch’egli aveva in capo e il braccialetto che aveva al braccio, e li ho portati qui al mio signore".

11 Allora Davide prese le sue vesti e le stracciò; e lo stesso fecero tutti gli uomini che erano con lui.

12 E fecero cordoglio e piansero e digiunarono fino a sera, a motivo di Saul, di Gionathan, suo figliuolo, del popolo dell’Eterno e della casa d’Israele, perché eran caduti per la spada.

13 Poi Davide chiese al giovine che gli avea raccontato quelle cose: "Donde sei tu?" Quegli rispose: "Son figliuolo d’uno straniero, d’un Amalekita".

14 E Davide gli disse: "Come mai non hai tu temuto di stender la mano per uccidere l’unto dell’Eterno?"

15 Poi chiamò uno dei suoi uomini, e gli disse: "Avvicinati, e gettati sopra costui!" Quegli lo colpì, ed egli morì.

16 E Davide gli disse: "Il tuo sangue ricada sul tuo capo, poiché la tua bocca ha testimoniato contro di te quando hai detto: Io ho ucciso l’unto dell’Eterno".

17 Allora Davide compose questa elegia sopra Saul e sul figlio di lui Gionathan,

18 e ordinò che fosse insegnata ai figliuoli di Giuda. E’ l’elegia dell’arco. Si trova scritta nel libro del giusto:

19 "Il fiore de’ tuoi figli, o Israele, giace ucciso sulle tue alture! Come mai son caduti quei prodi?

20 Non ne recate la nuova a Gath, non lo pubblicate per le strade d’Askalon; le figliuole de’ Filistei ne gioirebbero, le figliuole degl’incirconcisi ne farebbero festa.

21 O monti di Ghilboa, su voi non cada più né rugiada né pioggia, né più vi siano campi da offerte; poiché là fu gettato via lo scudo de’ prodi, lo scudo di Saul, che l’olio non ungerà più.

22 L’arco di Gionathan non tornava mai dalla pugna senz’avere sparso sangue di uccisi, senz’aver trafitto grasso di prodi; e la spada di Saul non tornava indietro senz’avere colpito.

23 Saul e Gionathan, tanto amati e cari, mentr’erano in vita, non sono stati divisi nella lor morte. Eran più veloci delle aquile, più forti de’ leoni!

24 Figliuole d’Israele, piangete su Saul, che vi rivestiva deliziosamente di scarlatto, che alle vostre vesti metteva degli ornamenti d’oro.

25 Come mai son caduti i prodi in mezzo alla pugna? Come mai venne ucciso Gionathan sulle tue alture?

26 Io sono in angoscia a motivo di te, o fratel mio Gionathan; tu m’eri sommamente caro, e l’amor tuo per me era più maraviglioso che l’amore delle donne.

27 Come mai son caduti i prodi? Come mai sono state infrante le loro armi?"

2 Samuele 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the state of religion. With these events are recorded the grievous sins he committed, and the family as well as public troubles with which he was punished. We here meet with many things worthy of imitation, and many that are written for our warning. The history of king David is given in Scripture with much faithfulness, and from it he appears, to those who fairly balance his many virtues and excellent qualities against his faults, to have been a great and good man.

Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1-10) The Amalekite is put to death. (11-16) David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17-27)

Verses 1-10 The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.

Verses 11-16 David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.

Verses 17-27 Kasheth, or "the bow," probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL

This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, because, by some, this, with the preceding, has been reckoned but one book: hence the Jews say {a}, Samuel wrote his book, not his books; in others it is called Samuel Second; and by the Vulgate Latin the Second Book of Samuel, which we call the Second of Kings; though why his name should be put to it at all I see not, since it neither concerns him, nor could it be written by him, being an history of events after his death. The Greek version calls it the Second of Kings; and the Syriac version, the Second Book of the Kings of Israel; whereas there is but one king of Israel it makes mention of, and of whose actions only it is an history; and therefore with greater propriety it is called, as the Arabic version, the Book of David the Prophet, of whose reign, from the beginning to the end of it, it gives an account: wherefore Isidore {b} thinks it was written by David; and if so, it has this mark of simplicity and integrity, that the writer does not spare himself, nor conceal his own faults, and particularly that very capital one, the affair of Bathsheba, and also his numbering of the people; but it is most probable that it was written by Nathan and Gad {c}, see 1Ch 29:29; but whoever was the penman of it, there is no doubt to be made of its being written by inspiration, or that it is canonical; which has never been questioned, since there stands in it a famous prophecy concerning the building of the temple by a son of David, which had an exact accomplishment, 2Sa 7:12,13; as well as of the family of David, for a great while to come, which also was fulfilled, 2Sa 7:19; and an eminent passage concerning the Messiah, the son of David, and of his divine sonship, 2Sa 7:14; quoted by the Apostle Paul in proof of it, Heb 1:5. It contains an history of about forty years, for so long David reigned, seven years and six months in Hebron, over Judah, and thirty three years in Jerusalem, over all Israel and Judah; and this book relates his last words.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {c} Alting. Theolog. Hist. loc. 2. p. 86.

\\INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 1\\

This chapter contains an account of the death of Saul and Jonathan, as related to David by an Amalekite, 2Sa 1:1-10; of the sorrow he and his men were filled with at the news of it, 2Sa 1:11,12; of his order to put to death the messenger that brought the tidings, for his concern in the death of Saul, according to his own testimony, 2Sa 1:13-16; and of a lamentation composed by David on this occasion, 2Sa 1:17-27.