1 Reyes 1

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1 COMO el rey David era viejo, y entrado en d铆as, cubr铆anle de vestidos, mas no se calentaba.
2 Dij茅ronle por tanto sus siervos: Busquen 谩 mi se帽or el rey una moza virgen, para que est茅 delante del rey, y lo abrigue, y duerma 谩 su lado, y calentar谩 谩 mi se帽or el rey.
3 Y buscaron una moza hermosa por todo el t茅rmino de Israel, y hallaron 谩 Abisag Sunamita, y traj茅ronla al rey.
4 Y la moza era hermosa, la cual calentaba al rey, y le serv铆a: mas el rey nunca la conoci贸.
5 Entonces Adon铆a hijo de Haggith se levant贸, diciendo: Yo reinar茅. E h铆zose de carros y gente de 谩 caballo, y cincuenta hombres que corriesen delante de 茅l.
6 Y su padre nunca lo entristeci贸 en todos sus d铆as con decirle: 驴Por qu茅 haces as铆? Y tambi茅n 茅ste era de hermoso parecer; y hab铆alo engendrado despu茅s de Absalom.
7 Y ten铆a tratos con Joab hijo de Sarvia, y con Abiathar sacerdote, los cuales ayudaban 谩 Adon铆a.
8 Mas Sadoc sacerdote, y Bena铆a hijo de Joiada, y Nath谩n profeta, y Semei, y Reihi, y todos los grandes de David, no segu铆an 谩 Adon铆a.
9 Y matando Adon铆a ovejas y vacas y animales engordados junto 谩 la pe帽a de Zoheleth, que est谩 cerca de la fuente de Rogel, convid贸 谩 todos sus hermanos los hijos del rey, y 谩 todos los varones de Jud谩, siervos del rey:
10 Mas no convid贸 谩 Nath谩n profeta, ni 谩 Bena铆a, ni 谩 los grandes, ni 谩 Salom贸n su hermano.
11 Y habl贸 Nath谩n 谩 Bath-sheba madre de Salom贸n, diciendo: 驴No has o铆do que reina Adon铆a hijo de Haggith, sin saberlo David nuestro se帽or?
12 Ven pues ahora, y toma mi consejo, para que guardes tu vida, y la vida de tu hijo Salom贸n.
13 Ve, y entra al rey David, y dile: Rey se帽or m铆o, 驴no has t煤 jurado 谩 tu sierva, diciendo: Salom贸n tu hijo reinar谩 despu茅s de m铆, y 茅l se sentar谩 en mi trono? 驴por qu茅 pues reina Adon铆a?
14 Y estando t煤 a煤n hablando con el rey, yo entrar茅 tras ti, y acabar茅 tus razones.
15 Entonces Bath-sheba entr贸 al rey 谩 la c谩mara: y el rey era muy viejo; y Abisag Sunamita serv铆a al rey.
16 Y Bath-sheba se inclin贸, 茅 hizo reverencia al rey. Y el rey dijo: 驴Qu茅 tienes?
17 Y ella le respondi贸: Se帽or m铆o, t煤 juraste 谩 tu sierva por Jehov谩 tu Dios, diciendo: Salom贸n tu hijo reinar谩 despu茅s de m铆, y 茅l se sentar谩 en mi trono;
18 Y he aqu铆 ahora Adon铆a reina: y t煤, mi se帽or rey, ahora no lo supiste.
19 Ha matado bueyes, y animales engordados, y muchas ovejas, y ha convidado 谩 todos los hijos del rey, y 谩 Abiathar sacerdote, y 谩 Joab general del ej茅rcito; mas 谩 Salom贸n tu siervo no ha convidado.
20 Entre tanto, rey se帽or m铆o, los ojos de todo Israel est谩n sobre ti, para que les declares qui茅n se ha de sentar en el trono de mi se帽or el rey despu茅s de 茅l.
21 De otra suerte acontecer谩, cuando mi se帽or el rey durmiere con sus padres, que yo y mi hijo Salom贸n seremos tenidos por culpables.
22 Y estando a煤n hablando ella con el rey, he aqu铆 Nath谩n profeta, que vino.
23 Y dieron aviso al rey, diciendo: He aqu铆 Nath谩n profeta: el cual como entr贸 al rey, postr贸se delante del rey inclinando su rostro 谩 tierra.
24 Y dijo Nath谩n: Rey se帽or m铆o, 驴has t煤 dicho: Adon铆a reinar谩 despu茅s de m铆, y 茅l se sentar谩 en mi trono?
25 Porque hoy ha descendido, y ha matado bueyes, y animales engordados, y muchas ovejas, y ha convidado 谩 todos los hijos del rey, y 谩 los capitanes del ej茅rcito, y tambi茅n 谩 Abiathar sacerdote; y he aqu铆, est谩n comiendo y bebiendo delante de 茅l, y han dicho: 隆Viva el rey Adon铆a!
26 Mas ni 谩 m铆 tu siervo, ni 谩 Sadoc sacerdote, ni 谩 Bena铆a hijo de Joiada, ni 谩 Salom贸n tu siervo, ha convidado.
27 驴Es este negocio ordenado por mi se帽or el rey, sin haber declarado 谩 tu siervo qui茅n se hab铆a de sentar en el trono de mi se帽or el rey despu茅s de 茅l?
28 Entonces el rey David respondi贸, y dijo: Llamadme 谩 Bath-sheba. Y ella entr贸 谩 la presencia del rey, y p煤sose delante del rey.
29 Y el rey jur贸, diciendo: Vive Jehov谩, que ha redimido mi alma de toda angustia,
30 Que como yo te he jurado por Jehov谩 Dios de Israel, diciendo: Tu hijo Salom贸n reinar谩 despu茅s de m铆, y 茅l se sentar谩 en mi trono en lugar m铆o; que as铆 lo har茅 hoy.
31 Entonces Bath-sheba se inclin贸 al rey, su rostro 谩 tierra, y haciendo reverencia al rey, dijo: Viva mi se帽or el rey David para siempre.
32 Y el rey David dijo: Llamadme 谩 Sadoc sacerdote, y 谩 Nath谩n profeta, y 谩 Bena铆a hijo de Joiada. Y ellos entraron 谩 la presencia del rey.
33 Y el rey les dijo: Tomad con vosotros los siervos de vuestro se帽or, y haced subir 谩 Salom贸n mi hijo en mi mula, y llevadlo 谩 Gih贸n:
34 Y all铆 lo ungir谩n Sadoc sacerdote y Nath谩n profeta por rey sobre Israel; y tocar茅is trompeta, diciendo: 隆Viva el rey Salom贸n!
35 Despu茅s ir茅is vosotros detr谩s de 茅l, y vendr谩 y se sentar谩 en mi trono, y 茅l reinar谩 por m铆; porque 谩 茅l he ordenado para que sea pr铆ncipe sobre Israel y sobre Jud谩.
36 Entonces Bena铆a hijo de Joiada respondi贸 al rey, y dijo: Am茅n. As铆 lo diga Jehov谩, Dios de mi se帽or el rey.
37 De la manera que Jehov谩 ha sido con mi se帽or el rey, as铆 sea con Salom贸n; y 茅l haga mayor su trono que el trono de mi se帽or el rey David.
38 Y descendi贸 Sadoc sacerdote, y Nath谩n profeta, y Bena铆a hijo de Joiada, y los Ceretheos y los Peletheos, 茅 hicieron subir 谩 Salom贸n en la mula del rey David, y llev谩ronlo 谩 Gih贸n.
39 Y tomando Sadoc sacerdote el cuerno del aceite del tabern谩culo, ungi贸 谩 Salom贸n: y tocaron trompeta, y dijo todo el pueblo: 隆Viva el rey Salom贸n!
40 Despu茅s subi贸 todo el pueblo en pos de 茅l, y cantaba la gente con flautas, y hac铆an grandes alegr铆as, que parec铆a que la tierra se hund铆a con el clamor de ellos.
41 Y oy贸lo Adon铆a, y todos los convidados que con 茅l estaban, cuando ya hab铆an acabado de comer. Y oyendo Joab el sonido de la trompeta, dijo: 驴Por qu茅 se alborota la ciudad con estruendo?
42 Estando a煤n 茅l hablando, he aqu铆 Jonath谩n hijo de Abiathar sacerdote vino, al cual dijo Adon铆a: Entra, porque t煤 eres hombre de esfuerzo, y traer谩s buenas nuevas.
43 Y Jonath谩n respondi贸, y dijo 谩 Adon铆a: Ciertamente nuestro se帽or el rey David ha hecho rey 谩 Salom贸n:
44 Y el rey ha enviado con 茅l 谩 Sadoc sacerdote y 谩 Nath谩n profeta, y 谩 Bena铆a hijo de Joiada, y tambi茅n 谩 los Ceretheos y 谩 los Peletheos, los cuales le hicieron subir en la mula del rey;
45 Y Sadoc sacerdote y Nath谩n profeta lo han ungido en Gih贸n por rey: y de all谩 han subido con alegr铆as, y la ciudad est谩 llena de estruendo. Este es el alboroto que hab茅is o铆do.
46 Y tambi茅n Salom贸n se ha sentado en el trono del reino.
47 Y aun los siervos del rey han venido 谩 bendecir 谩 nuestro se帽or el rey David, diciendo: Dios haga bueno el nombre de Salom贸n m谩s que tu nombre, y haga mayor su trono que el tuyo. Y el rey ador贸 en la cama.
48 Y tambi茅n el rey habl贸 as铆: Bendito sea Jehov谩 Dios de Israel, que ha dado hoy quien se siente en mi trono, vi茅ndolo mis ojos.
49 Ellos entonces se estremecieron, y levant谩ronse todos los convidados que estaban con Adon铆a, y fu茅se cada uno por su camino.
50 Mas Adon铆a, temiendo de la presencia de Salom贸n, levant贸se y fu茅se, y cogi贸 los cornijales del altar.
51 Y fu茅 hecho saber 谩 Salom贸n, diciendo: He aqu铆 que Adon铆a tiene miedo del rey Salom贸n: pues ha cogido los cornijales del altar, diciendo: J煤reme hoy el rey Salom贸n que no matar谩 谩 cuchillo 谩 su siervo.
52 Y Salom贸n dijo: Si 茅l fuere virtuoso, ni uno de sus cabellos caer谩 en tierra: mas si se hallare mal en 茅l, morir谩.
53 Y envi贸 el rey Salom贸n, y traj茅ronlo del altar; y 茅l vino, 茅 inclin贸se al rey Salom贸n. Y Salom贸n le dijo: Vete 谩 tu casa.

1 Reyes 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

The history now before us accounts for the affairs of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel, yet with special regard to the kingdom of God among them; for it is a sacred history. It is earlier as to time, teaches much more, and is more interesting than any common histories.

David's declining age. (1-4) Adonijah aspires to the throne. (5-10) David makes Solomon king. (11-31) Solomon is anointed king, and Adonijah's usurpation stopped. (32-53)

Verses 1-4 We have David sinking under infirmities. He was chastised for his recent sins, and felt the effects of his former toils and hardships.

Verses 5-10 Indulgent parents are often chastised with disobedient children, who are anxious to possess their estates. No worldly wisdom, nor experience, nor sacredness of character, can insure the continuance in any former course of those who remain under the power of self-love. But we may well wonder by what arts Joab and Abiathar could be drawn aside.

Verses 11-31 Observe Nathan's address to Bathsheba. Let me give thee counsel how to save thy own life, and the life of thy son. Such as this is the counsel Christ's ministers give us in his name, to give all diligence, not only that no man take our crown, Re. 3:11 , but that we save our lives, even the lives of our souls. David made a solemn declaration of his firm cleaving to his former resolution, that Solomon should be his successor. Even the recollection of the distresses from which the Lord redeemed him, increased his comfort, inspired his hopes, and animated him to his duty, under the decays of nature and the approach of death.

Verses 32-53 The people expressed great joy and satisfaction in the elevation of Solomon. Every true Israelite rejoices in the exaltation of the Son of David. Combinations formed upon evil principles will soon be dissolved, when self-interest calls another way. How can those who do evil deeds expect to have good tidings? Adonijah had despised Solomon, but soon dreaded him. We see here, as in a glass, Jesus, the Son of David and the Son of God, exalted to the throne of glory, notwithstanding all his enemies. His kingdom is far greater than that of his father David, and therein all the true people of God cordially rejoice. The prosperity of his cause is vexation and terror to his enemies. No horns of the altar, nor forms of godliness, nor pretences to religion, can profit those who will not submit to His authority, and accept of his salvation; and if their submission be hypocritical, they shall perish without remedy.

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Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO FIRST KINGS

This, and the following book, properly are but one book, divided into two parts, and went with the Jews under the common name of Kings. This, in the Syriac version, is called the Book of Kings; and in the Arabic version, the Book of Solomon, the Son of David the Prophet, because it begins with his reign upon the death of his father; and, in the Vulgate Latin version, the Third Book of Kings, the two preceding books of Samuel being sometimes called the First and Second Books of Kings, they containing the reigns of Saul and David; and in the Septuagint version both this and the following book are called Kingdoms, because they treat of the kingdom of Israel and Judah, after the division in the times of Rehoboam, son of Solomon, and of the several kings of them; as of Solomon before the division, so afterwards of the kings of Judah; Rehoboam, Abijam, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, Ahaziah, Jehoash, Amaziah, Uzziah or Azariah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amon, Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah; and of the kings of Israel, Jeroboam, Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehu, Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jeroboam the son of Joash, Zachariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, Pekah, and Hoshea; so that these books may, with great propriety, be called the books or histories of the kings in the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel: who they were written by, is not easy to say; some think they were written by piecemeal by the prophets that lived in the several reigns successively, as Nathan, Ahijah the Shilonite, Iddo, Isaiah, and Jeremiah, and afterwards put together by an inspired writer. The Jews commonly say {a}, that Jeremiah wrote the book of the Kings, by which they mean this, and the following book; though very probably they were written by Ezra, since the history in them is carried down to the liberty granted to Jehoiachin in Babylon; but that Ezra was the writer of all the preceding historical books, and even of the Pentateuch, cannot be admitted, which is the conceit of Spinosa {b}; part of whose tract is just now republished by somebody, word for word, under a title as in the margin {c}; but that Ezra was not the writer of the Pentateuch is clear, since he refers to it as written by Moses, and as the rule of religion and worship in his times, Ezr 3:2-4, 6:18; and it is certain these writings were in being in the times of Josiah, Amaziah, Joash, yea, of David, and even of Joshua, \2Ch 34:14 25:4 23:18 1Ki 2:3 Jos 8:34\; and as for the book of Joshua, that also was written long before Ezra's time; it must be written long before the times of David, before the Jebusites were expelled from Jerusalem, since the writer of it says, that they dwelt there in his days, Jos 15:63; the book of Judges must be written before the times of Samuel and David, since the former refers to the annals of it, 1Sa 12:9,10; and the latter alludes to some passages in it, Ps 68:7,8; see Jud 5:4,5; and a speech of Joab's, 2Sa 11:21, shows it to be an history then extant: to which may be added, that in it Jerusalem is called Jebus, Jud 19:10,11; which it never was, after it was taken by David out of the hands of the Jebusites, 2Sa 5:6; the book of Ruth very probably was written by Samuel; had it been of a later date, or written by Ezra, the genealogy with which it concludes, would doubtless have been carried further than to David: the Book of Samuel, and particularly the song of Hannah in it, were written in all probability before the penning of the hundred thirteenth psalm, Ps 113:1-9, in which some expressions seem to be taken from it wherefore, though the two books of Kings may be allowed to be written or compiled by Ezra, the ten preceding ones cannot be assigned to him: however, there is no room to doubt of the divine authority of these two books, when the honour our Lord has done them is observed, by quoting or referring to several histories in them; as to the account of the queen of Sheba coming to hear the wisdom of Solomon; of the famine in the times of Elijah; and of that prophet being sent to the widow of Sarepta, and of the cleansing of Naaman the Syrian in the times of Elisha, Mt 12:42, Lu 4:25-28 from 1Ki 17:1-10 2Ki 5:10-14; to which may be added, the quotations and references made by the apostles to passages in them, as by the Apostle Paul in Ro 11:2-4 from 1Ki 19:14,18; where this book is expressly called the Scripture; and by the Apostle James, Jas 5:17,18; who manifestly refers to 1Ki 17:1-24; and there are various things in this part of Scripture, which are confirmed by the testimonies of Heathen writers, as will be observed in the exposition of it. The use of these books is to carry on the history of the Jewish nation, to show the state of the church of God in those times, and his providential care of it amidst all the changes and vicissitudes in the state; and, above all, to transmit to us the true genealogy of the Messiah, which serves to confirm the Evangelist Matthew's account of it.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 15. 1. {b} Tractat. Theolog. Politic. c. 8. & 9. p. 150 {c} Tractatus de Primis 12. Vet. Test. Lib. &c. Londini 1763.

\\INTRODUCTION TO FIRST KINGS 1\\

This chapter gives an account of the infirmities of David in his old age, and the method used to relieve him under them, 1Ki 1:1-4; of the preparation his son Adonijah made to usurp the throne, 1Ki 1:5-10; of Bathsheba's address to the king upon it, in favour of her son Solomon, on which she was put by, Nathan the prophet, and seconded in it by him, 1Ki 1:11-27; when the king with an oath confirmed the succession of Solomon in the kingdom, and ordered Nathan the prophet, and Zadok the priest, to anoint him, which was accordingly done with great ceremony, to the satisfaction of the king and his servants, 1Ki 1:28-40; the news of which being brought to Adonijah and his friends, struck them with terror, and on which they dispersed, 1Ki 1:41-50; and upon the promise of Adonijah, that he would behave well to Solomon, he was pardoned and dismissed, having fled and lain hold on the horns of the altar, 1Ki 1:51-53.

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