2 Samuël 10:4

4 Toen nam Hanun Davids knechten, en schoor hun baard half af, en sneed hun klederen half af, tot aan hun billen; en hij liet hen gaan.

2 Samuël 10:4 Meaning and Commentary

2 Samuel 10:4

Wherefore Hanun took David's servants
His ambassadors:

and shaved off one half of their beards;
that is, he ordered them to be shaved off; than which a greater indignity could not have been well done to them and to David, whom they represented, since the Israelites shaved not their beards, and were very careful of preserving them; for had it been the custom to shave, they might have shaved off the other half, and then they would not have appeared so ridiculous; and with other people it has been reckoned a very great punishment as well could be inflicted, and as great an affront as could well be offered, to mar a man's beard, or shave it off in whole or in part ^F16. The Lacedemonians, as Plutarch ^F17 relates, when any fled from battle, used, by way of reproach, to shave off part of their beards, and let the other part grow long; and with the Indians, as Bishop Patrick observes from an ancient writer, the king used to order the greatest offenders to be shaven, as the heaviest punishment he could inflict upon them; but what comes nearest to the case here is what the same learned commentator quotes from Tavernier, who in his Indian Travels tells us, that the sophi of Persia caused an ambassador of Aurengzeb to have his beard shaved off, telling him he was not worthy to wear a beard, and thereupon commanded it should be shaved off; which affront offered him in the person of his ambassador was most highly resented by Aurengzeb, as this was by David:

and cut off their garments in the middle, [even] to their buttocks;
and as they wore long garments in those countries, without any breeches or drawers under them, those parts by these means were exposed to view which modesty requires should be concealed ^F18; so that they must be put to the utmost shame and confusion:

and sent them away;
in this ridiculous manner, scoffing and leering at them no doubt; that since they came with compliments of condolence, it was proper they should appear in the habit of mourners, with their beards shaved, and their garments rent; cutting of garments, and standing in them from morning tonight, was a punishment of soldiers with the Romans, when they offended ^F19.

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FOOTNOTES:

F16 Apollon. Vit. Philostrat. l. 7. c. 14.
F17 In Agesitao.
F18 "Dimidiasque nates Gallica palla tegit". Martial.
F19 Valer. Maxim. l. 2. c. 2.

2 Samuël 10:4 In-Context

2 Toen zeide David: Ik zal weldadigheid doen aan Hanun, den zoon van Nahas, gelijk als zijn vader weldadigheid aan mij gedaan heeft. Zo zond David heen, om hem door den dienst zijner knechten te troosten over zijn vader. En de knechten van David kwamen in het land van de kinderen Ammons.

3 Toen zeiden de vorsten der kinderen Ammons tot hun heer Hanun: Eert David uw vader in uw ogen, omdat hij troosters tot u gezonden heeft? Heeft David zijn knechten niet daarom tot u gezonden, dat hij deze stad doorzoeke, en die verspiede, en die omkere?

4 Toen nam Hanun Davids knechten, en schoor hun baard half af, en sneed hun klederen half af, tot aan hun billen; en hij liet hen gaan.

5 Als zij dit David lieten weten, zo zond hij hun tegemoet; want deze mannen waren zeer beschaamd. En de koning zeide: Blijft te Jericho, totdat uw baard weder gewassen zal zijn, komt dan weder.

6 Toen nu de kinderen Ammons zagen, dat zij zich bij David stinkende gemaakt hadden, zonden de kinderen Ammons heen, en huurden van de Syriers van Beth-Rechob, en van de Syriers van Zoba, twintig duizend voetvolks, en van den koning van Maacha duizend man, en van de mannen van Tob twaalf duizend man.