Gênesis 42

1 Ora, Jacó soube que havia trigo no Egito, e disse a seus filhos: Por que estais olhando uns para os outros?

2 Disse mais: Tenho ouvido que há trigo no Egito; descei até lá, e de lá comprai-o para nós, a fim de que vivamos e não morramos.

3 Então desceram os dez irmãos de José, para comprarem trigo no Egito.

4 Mas a Benjamim, irmão de José, não enviou Jacó com os seus irmãos, pois disse: Para que, porventura, não lhe suceda algum desastre.

5 Assim entre os que iam lá, foram os filhos de Israel para comprar, porque havia fome na terra de Canaã.

6 José era o governador da terra; era ele quem vendia a todo o povo da terra; e vindo os irmãos de José, prostraram-se diante dele com o rosto em terra.

7 José, vendo seus irmãos, reconheceu-os; mas portou-se como estranho para com eles, falou-lhes asperamente e perguntou-lhes: Donde vindes? Responderam eles: Da terra de Canaã, para comprarmos mantimento.

8 José, pois, reconheceu seus irmãos, mas eles não o reconheceram.

9 Lembrou-se então José dos sonhos que tivera a respeito deles, e disse-lhes: Vós sois espias, e viestes para ver a nudez da terra.

10 Responderam-lhe eles: Não, senhor meu; mas teus servos vieram comprar mantimento.

11 Nós somos todos filhos de um mesmo homem; somos homens de retidão; os teus servos não são espias.

12 Replicou-lhes: Não; antes viestes para ver a nudez da terra.

13 Mas eles disseram: Nós, teus servos, somos doze irmãos, filhos de um homem da terra de Canaã; o mais novo está hoje com nosso pai, e outro já não existe.

14 Respondeu-lhe José: É assim como vos disse; sois espias.

15 Nisto sereis provados: Pela vida de Faraó, não saireis daqui, a menos que venha para cá vosso irmão mais novo.

16 Enviai um dentre vós, que traga vosso irmão, mas vós ficareis presos, a fim de serem provadas as vossas palavras, se há verdade convosco; e se não, pela vida de Faraó, vós sois espias.

17 E meteu-os juntos na prisão por três dias.

18 Ao terceiro dia disse-lhes José: Fazei isso, e vivereis; porque eu temo a Deus.

19 Se sois homens de retidão, que fique um dos irmãos preso na casa da vossa prisão; mas ide vós, levai trigo para a fome de vossas casas,

20 e trazei-me o vosso irmão mais novo; assim serão verificadas vossas palavras, e não morrereis. E eles assim fizeram.

21 Então disseram uns aos outros: Nós, na verdade, somos culpados no tocante a nosso irmão, porquanto vimos a angústia da sua alma, quando nos rogava, e não o quisemos atender; é por isso que vem sobre nós esta angústia.

22 Respondeu-lhes Rúben: Não vos dizia eu: Não pequeis contra o menino; Mas não quisestes ouvir; por isso agora é requerido de nós o seu sangue.

23 E eles não sabiam que José os entendia, porque havia intérprete entre eles.

24 Nisto José se retirou deles e chorou. Depois tornou a eles, falou-lhes, e tomou a Simeão dentre eles, e o amarrou perante os seus olhos.

25 Então ordenou José que lhes enchessem de trigo os sacos, que lhes restituíssem o dinheiro a cada um no seu saco, e lhes dessem provisões para o caminho. E assim lhes foi feito.

26 Eles, pois, carregaram o trigo sobre os seus jumentos, e partiram dali.

27 Quando um deles abriu o saco, para dar forragem ao seu jumento na estalagem, viu o seu dinheiro, pois estava na boca do saco.

28 E disse a seus irmãos: Meu dinheiro foi-me devolvido; ei-lo aqui no saco. Então lhes desfaleceu o coração e, tremendo, viravam-se uns para os outros, dizendo: Que é isto que Deus nos tem feito?

29 Depois vieram para Jacó, seu pai, na terra de Canaã, e contaram-lhe tudo o que lhes acontecera, dizendo:

30 O homem, o senhor da terra, falou-nos asperamente, e tratou-nos como espias da terra;

31 mas dissemos-lhe: Somos homens de retidão; não somos espias;

32 somos doze irmãos, filhos de nosso pai; um já não existe e o mais novo está hoje com nosso pai na terra de Canaã.

33 Respondeu-nos o homem, o senhor da terra: Nisto conhecerei que vós sois homens de retidão: Deixai comigo um de vossos irmãos, levai trigo para a fome de vossas casas, e parti,

34 e trazei-me vosso irmão mais novo; assim saberei que não sois espias, mas homens de retidão; então vos entregarei o vosso irmão e negociareis na terra.

35 E aconteceu que, despejando eles os sacos, eis que o pacote de dinheiro de cada um estava no seu saco; quando eles e seu pai viram os seus pacotes de dinheiro, tiveram medo.

36 Então Jacó, seu pai, disse-lhes: Tendes-me desfilhado; José já não existe, e não existe Simeão, e haveis de levar Benjamim! Todas estas coisas vieram sobre mim.

37 Mas Rúben falou a seu pai, dizendo: Mata os meus dois filhos, se eu to não tornar a trazer; entrega-o em minha mão, e to tornarei a trazer.

38 Ele porém disse: Não descerá meu filho convosco; porquanto o seu irmão é morto, e só ele ficou. Se lhe suceder algum desastre pelo caminho em que fordes, fareis descer minhas cãs com tristeza ao Seol.

Gênesis 42 Commentary

Chapter 42

Jacob sends ten sons to buy corn. (1-6) Joseph's treatment of his brethren. (7-20) Their remorse, Simeon detained. (21-24) The rest return with corn. (25-28) Jacob refuses to send Benjamin to Egypt. (29-38)

Verses 1-6 Jacob saw the corn his neighbours had bought in Egypt, and brought home. It is a spur to exertion to see others supplied. Shall others get food for their souls, and shall we starve while it is to be had? Having discovered where help is to be had, we should apply for it without delay, without shrinking from labour, or grudging expense, especially as regards our never-dying souls. There is provision in Christ; but we must come to him, and seek it from him.

Verses 7-20 Joseph was hard upon his brethren, not from a spirit of revenge, but to bring them to repentance. Not seeing his brother Benjamin, he suspected that they had made away with him, and he gave them occasion to speak of their father and brother. God, in his providence, sometimes seems harsh with those he loves, and speaks roughly to those for whom yet he has great mercy in store. Joseph settled at last, that one of them should be left, and the rest go home and fetch Benjamin. It was a very encouraging word he said to them, "I fear God;" as if he had said, You may be assured I will do you no wrong; I dare not, for I know there is one higher than I. With those that fear God, we may expect fair dealing.

Verses 21-24 The office of conscience is to bring to mind things long since said and done. When the guilt of this sin of Joseph's brethren was fresh, they made light of it, and sat down to eat bread; but now, long afterward, their consciences accused them of it. See the good of afflictions; they often prove the happy means of awakening conscience, and bringing sin to our remembrance. Also, the evil of guilt as to our brethren. Conscience now reproached them for it. Whenever we think we have wrong done us, we ought to remember the wrong we have done to others. Reuben alone remembered with comfort, that he had done what he could to prevent the mischief. When we share with others in their sufferings, it will be a comfort if we have the testimony of our consciences for us, that we did not share in their evil deeds, but in our places witnessed against them. Joseph retired to weep. Though his reason directed that he should still carry himself as a stranger, because they were not as yet humbled enough, yet natural affection could not but work.

Verses 25-28 The brethren came for corn, and corn they had: not only so, but every man had his money given back. Thus Christ, like Joseph, gives out supplies without money and without price. The poorest are invited to buy. But guilty consciences are apt to take good providences in a bad sense; to put wrong meanings even upon things that make for them.

Verses 29-38 Here is the report Jacob's sons made to their father. It troubled the good man. Even the bundles of money Joseph returned, in kindness, to his father, frightened him. He laid the fault upon his sons; knowing them, he feared they had provoked the Egyptians, and wrongfully brought home their money. Jacob plainly distrusted his sons, remembering that he never saw Joseph since he had been with them. It is bad with a family, when children behave so ill that their parents know not how to trust them. Jacob gives up Joseph for gone, and Simeon and Benjamin as in danger; and concludes, All these things are against me. It proved otherwise, that all these things were for him, were working together for his good, and the good of his family. We often think that to be against us, which is really for us. We are afflicted in body, estate, name, and in our relations; and think all these things are against us, whereas they are really working for us a weight of glory. Thus does the Lord Jesus conceal himself and his favour, thus he rebukes and chastens those for whom he has purposes of love. By sharp corrections and humbling convictions he will break the stoutness and mar the pride of the heart, and bring to true repentance. Yet before sinners fully know him, or taste that he is gracious, he consults their good, and sustains their souls, to wait for him. May we do thus, never yielding to discouragement, determining to seek no other refuge, and humbling ourselves more and more under his mighty hand. In due time he will answer our petitions, and do for us more than we can expect.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 42

This chapter relates how that Jacob having heard there was corn in Egypt, sent all his sons but Benjamin thither to buy corn, Ge 42:1-5; and coming before Joseph, they bowed to him, and he knowing them, though they knew not him, spoke roughly to them, and charged them with being spies, Ge 42:6-9; they in their defence urged that they were the sons of one man in Canaan, with whom their youngest brother was left, on which Joseph ordered them to send for him, to prove them true men, Ge 42:10-16; and put them all into prison for three days, and then released them, and sent them away to fetch their brother, Ge 42:17-20; this brought to mind their treatment of Joseph, and they confessed their guilt to each other, which Joseph heard, and greatly affected him, they supposing he understood them not, and before he dismissed them bound Simeon before their eyes, whom he retained till they returned, Ge 42:21-24; then he ordered his servants to fill their sacks with corn, and put each man's money in his sack, which one of them on the road found, opening his sack for provender, filled them all with great surprise and fear, Ge 42:25-28; upon their return to Jacob they related all that had befallen them, and particularly that the governor insisted on having Benjamin brought to him, Ge 42:29-34; their sacks being opened, all their money was found in them, which greatly distressed them and Jacob also, who was very unwilling to let Benjamin go, though Reuben offered his two sons as pledges for him, and himself to be a surety, Ge 42:35-38.