Luca 1

1 Poiché molti hanno intrapreso ad ordinare una narrazione de’ fatti che si son compiuti tra noi,

2 secondo che ce li hanno tramandati quelli che da principio ne furono testimoni oculari e che divennero ministri della Parola,

3 è parso bene anche, a me dopo essermi accuratamente informato d’ogni cosa dall’origine, di scrivertene per ordine, o eccellentissimo Teofilo,

4 affinché tu riconosca la certezza delle cose che ti sono state insegnate.

5 Ai dì d’Erode, re della Giudea, v’era un certo sacerdote di nome Zaccaria, della muta di Abia; e sua moglie era delle figliuole d’Aronne e si chiamava Elisabetta.

6 Or erano ambedue giusti nel cospetto di Dio, camminando irreprensibili in tutti i comandamenti e precetti del Signore.

7 E non aveano figliuoli, perché Elisabetta era sterile, ed erano ambedue avanzati in età.

8 Or avvenne che esercitando Zaccaria il sacerdozio dinanzi a Dio nell’ordine della sua muta,

9 secondo l’usanza del sacerdozio, gli toccò a sorte d’entrar Del tempio del Signore per offrirvi il profumo;

10 e tutta la moltitudine del popolo stava di fuori in preghiera nell’ora del profumo.

11 E gli apparve un angelo del Signore, ritto alla destra dell’altare de’ profumi.

12 E Zaccaria, vedutolo, fu turbato e preso da spavento.

13 Ma l’angelo gli disse: Non temere, Zaccaria, perché la tua preghiera è stata esaudita; e tua moglie Elisabetta ti partorirà un figliuolo, al quale porrai nome Giovanni.

14 E tu ne avrai gioia ed allegrezza, e molti si rallegreranno per la sua nascita.

15 Poiché sarà grande nel cospetto del Signore; non berrà né vino né cervogia, e sarà ripieno dello Spirito Santo fin dal seno di sua madre,

16 e convertirà molti de’ figliuoli d’Israele al Signore Iddio loro;

17 ed egli andrà innanzi a lui con lo spirito e con la potenza d’Elia, per volgere i cuori de’ padri ai figliuoli e i ribelli alla saviezza de’ giusti, affin di preparare al Signore un popolo ben disposto.

18 E Zaccaria disse all’angelo: A che conoscerò io questo? Perch’io son vecchio e mia moglie è avanti nell’età.

19 E l’angelo, rispondendo, gli disse: Io son Gabriele, che sto davanti a Dio; e sono stato mandato a parlarti e recarti questa buona notizia.

20 Ed ecco, tu sarai muto, e non potrai parlare fino al giorno che queste cose avverranno, perché non hai creduto alle mie parole che si adempiranno a suo tempo.

21 Il popolo intanto stava aspettando Zaccaria, e si maravigliava che s’indugiasse tanto nel tempio.

22 Ma quando fu uscito, non potea parlar loro; e capirono che avea avuto una visione nel tempio; ed egli faceva loro dei segni e rimase muto.

23 E quando furon compiuti i giorni del suo ministero, egli se ne andò a casa sua.

24 Or dopo que’ giorni, Elisabetta sua moglie rimase incinta; e si tenne nascosta per cinque mesi, dicendo:

25 Ecco quel che il Signore ha fatto per me ne’ giorni nei quali ha rivolto a me lo sguardo per togliere il mio vituperio fra gli uomini.

26 Al sesto mese l’angelo Gabriele fu mandato da Dio in una città di Galilea detta Nazaret

27 ad una vergine fidanzata ad un uomo chiamato Giuseppe della casa di Davide; e il nome della vergine era Maria.

28 E l’angelo, entrato da lei, disse: Ti saluto, o favorita dalla grazia; il Signore è teco.

29 Ed ella fu turbata a questa parola, e si domandava che cosa volesse dire un tal saluto.

30 E l’angelo le disse: Non temere, Maria, perché hai trovato grazia presso Dio.

31 Ed ecco tu concepirai nel seno e partorirai un figliuolo e gli porrai nome Gesù.

32 Questi sarà grande, e sarà chiamato Figliuol dell’Altissimo, e il Signore Iddio gli darà il trono di Davide suo padre,

33 ed egli regnerà sulla casa di Giacobbe in eterno, e il suo regno non avrà mai fine.

34 E Maria disse all’angelo: Come avverrà questo, poiché non conosco uomo?

35 E l’angelo, rispondendo, le disse: Lo Spirito Santo verrà su di te e la potenza dell’Altissimo ti coprirà dell’ombra sua; perciò ancora il santo che nascerà sarà chiamato Figliuolo di Dio.

36 Ed ecco, Elisabetta, tua parente, ha concepito anche lei un figliuolo nella sua vecchiaia; e questo è il sesto mese per lei, ch’era chiamata sterile;

37 poiché nessuna parola di Dio rimarrà inefficace.

38 E Maria disse: Ecco, io son l’ancella del Signore; siami fatto secondo la tua parola. E l’angelo si partì da lei.

39 In que’ giorni Maria si levò e se ne andò in fretta nella regione montuosa, in una città di Giuda,

40 ed entrò in casa di Zaccaria e salutò Elisabetta.

41 E avvenne che come Elisabetta ebbe udito il saluto di Maria, il bambino le balzò nel seno; ed Elisabetta fu ripiena di Spirito Santo,

42 e a gran voce esclamò: Benedetta sei tu fra le donne, e benedetto è il frutto del tuo seno!

43 E come mai m’è dato che la madre del mio Signore venga da me?

44 Poiché ecco, non appena la voce del tuo saluto m’è giunta agli orecchi, il bambino m’è per giubilo balzato nel seno.

45 E beata è colei che ha creduto, perché le cose dettele da parte del Signore avranno compimento.

46 E Maria disse: "L’anima mia magnifica il Signore,

47 e lo spirito mio esulta in Dio mio Salvatore,

48 poich’egli ha riguardato alla bassezza della sua ancella. Perché ecco, d’ora innanzi tutte le età mi chiameranno beata,

49 poiché il Potente mi ha fatto grandi cose. Santo è il suo nome

50 e la sua misericordia è d’età in età per quelli che lo temono.

51 Egli ha operato potentemente col suo braccio ha disperso quelli ch’eran superbi ne’ pensieri del cuor loro;

52 ha tratto giù dai troni i potenti, ed ha innalzato gli umili;

53 ha ricolmato di beni i famelici, e ha rimandati a vuoto i ricchi.

54 Ha soccorso Israele, suo servitore, ricordandosi della misericordia

55 di cui avea parlato ai nostri padri, verso Abramo e verso la sua progenie in perpetuo".

56 E Maria rimase con Elisabetta circa tre mesi; poi se ne tornò a casa sua.

57 Or compiutosi per Elisabetta il tempo di partorire, diè alla luce un figliuolo.

58 E i suoi vicini e i parenti udirono che il Signore avea magnificata la sua misericordia verso di lei, e se ne rallegravano con essa.

59 Ed ecco che nell’ottavo giorno vennero a circoncidere il bambino, e lo chiamavano Zaccaria dal nome di suo padre.

60 Allora sua madre prese a parlare e disse: No, sarà invece chiamato Giovanni.

61 Ed essi le dissero: Non v’è alcuno nel tuo parentado che porti questo nome.

62 E per cenni domandavano al padre come voleva che fosse chiamato.

63 Ed egli, chiesta una tavoletta, scrisse così: Il suo nome è Giovanni. E tutti si maravigliarono.

64 In quell’istante la sua bocca fu aperta e la sua lingua sciolta, ed egli parlava benedicendo Iddio.

65 E tutti i lor vicini furon presi da timore; e tutte queste cose si divulgavano per tutta la regione montuosa della Giudea.

66 E tutti quelli che le udirono, le serbarono in cuor loro e diceano: Che sarà mai questo bambino? Perché la mano del Signore era con lui.

67 E Zaccaria, suo padre, fu ripieno dello Spirito Santo, e profetò dicendo:

68 "Benedetto sia il Signore, l’Iddio d’Israele, perché ha visitato e riscattato il suo popolo,

69 e ci ha suscitato un potente salvatore nella casa di Davide suo servitore

70 (come avea promesso ab antico per bocca de’ suoi profeti);

71 uno che ci salverà da’ nostri nemici e dalle mani di tutti quelli che ci odiano.

72 Egli usa così misericordia verso i nostri padri e si ricorda del suo santo patto,

73 del giuramento che fece ad Abramo nostro padre,

74 affine di concederci che, liberati dalla mano dei nostri nemici, gli servissimo senza paura,

75 in santità e giustizia, nel suo cospetto, tutti i giorni della nostra vita.

76 E tu, piccol fanciullo, sarai chiamato profeta dell’Altissimo perché andrai davanti alla faccia del Signore per preparar le sue vie,

77 per dare al suo popolo conoscenza della salvezza mediante la remissione de’ loro peccati,

78 dovuta alle viscere di misericordia del nostro Dio, per le quali l’Aurora dall’alto ci visiterà

79 per risplendere su quelli che giacciono in tenebre ed in ombra di morte, per guidare i nostri passi verso la via della pace".

80 Or il bambino cresceva e si fortificava in ispirito; e stette ne’ deserti fino al giorno in cui dovea manifestarsi ad Israele.

Luca 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

This evangelist is generally supposed to have been a physician, and a companion of the apostle Paul. The style of his writings, and his acquaintance with the Jewish rites and usages, sufficiently show that he was a Jew, while his knowledge of the Greek language and his name, speak his Gentile origin. He is first mentioned ( acts 16:10 acts 16:11 ) , as with Paul at Troas, whence he attended him to Jerusalem, and was with him in his voyage, and in his imprisonment at Rome. This Gospel appears to be designed to supersede many defective and unauthentic narratives in circulation, and to give a genuine and inspired account of the life, miracles, and doctrines of our Lord, learned from those who heard and witnessed his discourses and miracles.

The Preface. (1-4) Zacharias and Elisabeth. (5-25) Christ's birth announced. (26-38) Interview of Mary and Elisabeth. (39-56) The birth of John the Baptist. (57-66) The song of Zacharias. (67-80)

1-4. Luke will not write of things about which Christians may safely differ from one another, and hesitate within themselves; but the things which are, and ought to be surely believed. The doctrine of Christ is what the wisest and best of men have ventured their souls upon with confidence and satisfaction. And the great events whereon our hopes depend, have been recorded by those who were from the beginning eye-witnesses and ministers of the word, and who were perfected in their understanding of them through Divine inspiration.

Verses 5-25 The father and mother of John the Baptist were sinners as all are, and were justified and saved in the same way as others; but they were eminent for piety and integrity. They had no children, and it could not be expected that Elisabeth should have any in her old age. While Zacharias was burning incense in the temple, the whole multitude of the people were praying without. All the prayers we offer up to God, are acceptable and successful only by Christ's intercession in the temple of God above. We cannot expect an interest therein if we do not pray, and pray with our spirits, and are not earnest in prayer. Nor can we expect that the best of our prayers should gain acceptance, and bring an answer of peace, but through the mediation of Christ, who ever lives, making intercession. The prayers Zacharias often made, received an answer of peace. Prayers of faith are filed in heaven, and are not forgotten. Prayers made when we were young and entering into the world, may be answered when we are old and going out of the world. Mercies are doubly sweet that are given in answer to prayer. Zacharias shall have a son in his old age, who shall be instrumental in the conversion of many souls to God, and preparing them to receive the gospel of Christ. He shall go before Him with courage, zeal, holiness, and a mind dead to earthly interests and pleasures. The disobedient and rebellious would be brought back to the wisdom of their righteous forefathers, or rather, brought to attend to the wisdom of that Just One who was coming among them. Zacharias heard all that the angel said; but his unbelief spake. In striking him dumb, God dealt justly with him, because he had objected against God's word. We may admire the patience of God towards us. God dealt kindly with him, for thus he prevented his speaking any more distrustful, unbelieving words. Thus also God confirmed his faith. If by the rebukes we are under for our sin, we are brought to give the more credit to the word of God, we have no reason to complain. Even real believers are apt to dishonour God by unbelief; and their mouths are stopped in silence and confusion, when otherwise they would have been praising God with joy and gratitude. In God's gracious dealings with us we ought to observe his gracious regards to us. He has looked on us with compassion and favour, and therefore has thus dealt with us.

Verses 26-38 We have here an account of the mother of our Lord; though we are not to pray to her, yet we ought to praise God for her. Christ must be born miraculously. The angel's address means only, Hail, thou that art the especially chosen and favoured of the Most High, to attain the honour Jewish mothers have so long desired. This wondrous salutation and appearance troubled Mary. The angel then assured her that she had found favour with God, and would become the mother of a son whose name she should call Jesus, the Son of the Highest, one in a nature and perfection with the Lord God. JESUS! the name that refreshes the fainting spirits of humbled sinners; sweet to speak and sweet to hear, Jesus, a Saviour! We know not his riches and our own poverty, therefore we run not to him; we perceive not that we are lost and perishing, therefore a Saviour is a word of little relish. Were we convinced of the huge mass of guilt that lies upon us, and the wrath that hangs over us for it, ready to fall upon us, it would be our continual thought, Is the Saviour mine? And that we might find him so, we should trample on all that hinders our way to him. Mary's reply to the angel was the language of faith and humble admiration, and she asked no sign for the confirming her faith. Without controversy, great was the mystery of ( 1 Timothy. 3:16 ) nature must be produced so, as it was fit that should be which was to be taken into union with the Divine nature. And we must, as Mary here, guide our desires by the word of God. In all conflicts, let us remember that with God nothing is impossible; and as we read and hear his promises, let us turn them into prayers, Behold the willing servant of the Lord; let it be unto me according to thy word.

Verses 39-56 It is very good for those who have the work of grace begun in their souls, to communicate one to another. On Mary's arrival, Elisabeth was conscious of the approach of her who was to be the mother of the great Redeemer. At the same time she was filled with the Holy Ghost, and under his influence declared that Mary and her expected child were most blessed and happy, as peculiarly honoured of and dear to the Most High God. Mary, animated by Elisabeth's address, and being also under the influence of the Holy Ghost, broke out into joy, admiration, and gratitude. She knew herself to be a sinner who needed a Saviour, and that she could no otherwise rejoice in God than as interested in his salvation through the promised Messiah. Those who see their need of Christ, and are desirous of righteousness and life in him, he fills with good things, with the best things; and they are abundantly satisfied with the blessings he gives. He will satisfy the desires of the poor in spirit who long for spiritual blessings, while the self-sufficient shall be sent empty away.

Verses 57-66 In these verses we have an account of the birth of John the Baptist, and the great joy among all the relations of the family. He shall be called Johanan, or "Gracious," because he shall bring in the gospel of Christ, wherein God's grace shines most bright. Zacharias recovered his speech. Unbelief closed his mouth, and believing opened it again: he believers, therefore he speaks. When God opens our lips, our mouths must show forth his praise; and better be without speech, than not use it in praising God. It is said, The hand of the Lord was working with John. God has ways of working on children in their infancy, which we cannot account for. We should observe the dealings of God, and wait the event.

Verses 67-80 Zacharias uttered a prophecy concerning the kingdom and salvation of the Messiah. The gospel brings light with it; in it the day dawns. In John the Baptist it began to break, and increased apace to the perfect day. The gospel is discovering; it shows that about which we were utterly in the dark; it is to give light to those that sit in darkness, the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. It is reviving; it brings light to those that sit in the shadow of death, as condemned prisoners in the dungeon. It is directing; it is to guide our feet in the way of peace, into that way which will bring us to peace at last, ( Romans 3:17 ) . John gave proofs of strong faith, vigorous and holy affections, and of being above the fear and love of the world. Thus he ripened for usefulness; but he lived a retired life, till he came forward openly as the forerunner of the Messiah. Let us follow peace with all men, as well as seek peace with God and our own consciences. And if it be the will of God that we live unknown to the world, still let us diligently seek to grow strong in the grace of Jesus Christ.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO LUKE

The writer of this Gospel, Luke, has been, by some, thought, as Origen {a} relates, to be the same with Lucius, mentioned in Ro 16:21, but he seems rather to be, and without doubt is, Luke the beloved physician, who was a companion of the Apostle Paul in great part of his travels in the Gentile world: he came with him to Jerusalem, and from thence accompanied him to Rome, and continued with him when in prison, and was with him to the last; see Ac 16:10,11 \Col 4:14 2Ti 4:11 Phm 1:24\. Jerom {b}, and others, say, he was a physician of Antioch in Syria; where it may be the Apostle Paul met with him, and might be the happy instrument of his conversion; so that he seems to be, by nation, a Syrian, as Jerom {c} calls him. Grotius thinks his name is Roman, and that it is the contraction of Lucilius. It is not an Hebrew name, but might be in common use in Syria; for though the Jews reckon owqwl, "Lukus", among foreign names, yet say {d} a it was a very illustrious one, and well known to them, as it may well be thought to be if Syriac, the language being spoke by them: and many Jews lived in Syria, and particularly in Antioch. Some say that this Gospel was written by the advice, and assistance, and under the direction of the Apostle Paul, as the Gospel according to Mark was by that of Peter; though the following preface does not seem so well to accord with this. Eusebius says {e} that it was the sense of the ancients, that whenever the Apostle Paul makes mention of his Gospel, he intends this according to Luke. The time of the writing of it is not certain; some say it was written in the fifteenth year after the ascension of our Lord; others in the twenty second; and others in the twenty seventh. It is commonly thought to have been written after the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, according to the order in which it stands; but this is rejected by some learned men, who rather think that Luke wrote first of all: and indeed, there are some things in his preface which look as if there had not, as yet, been any authentic account published, at least which was come to the knowledge of this evangelist. The place where he wrote it is also uncertain. Jerom says {f}, he wrote it in the parts of Achaia, perhaps at Corinth: according to the titles prefixed to the Syriac and Persic versions, he wrote it in Alexandria: the former of these runs thus;

``the Gospel of Luke, the Evangelist, which he spake and published in Greek in Alexandria the great.''

And the latter thus;

``the Gospel of Luke, which he wrote in the Greek tongue in Alexandria of Egypt.''

However, it is agreed on all hands, that it is genuine, and of divine inspiration. Eusebius {g} relates, that it was affirmed by some, that this Gospel, together with those of Matthew and Mark, were brought to the Apostle John, who approved of them, and bore witness to the truth in them.

{a} In Rom. xvi. 21. {b} Catalog. Script. Eccles. sect. 17. fol. 91. Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 3. c. 4. {c} Praefat in Luc. {d} T. Bab. Gittin, fol. 11. 2. & Gloss. in ib. {e} Ubi supra. (Hist. Eccl. l. 3. c. 39.) {f} Praefat in Luc. {g} Eccl. Hist. l. 3. c. 24.