1
Thus says the
LORD:
"Behold, I am going to
arouse against Babylon And
against the
inhabitants of
Leb-kamai The
spirit of a
destroyer.
yeb.v{y -l,a.w l,b'B -l;[ ryi[em yin.nih h'wh.y r;m'a h{K ? tyix.v;m ;x.Wr y'm'q bel
2
"I will
dispatch foreigners to
Babylon that they may
winnow her And may
devastate her
land; For on
every side they will be
opposed to her In the
day of her
calamity.
H'c.r;a -t,a .Wq.q{byiw 'h.Wrez.w ~yir'z l,b'b.l yiT.x;Liv.w ? h'['r ~w{y.B byib'Sim 'hy,l'[ .Wy'h -yiK
3
"Let not him who
bends his
bow bend it,
Nor let him
rise up in his
scale-armor; So do not
spare her
young men;
Devote all her
army to
destruction.
l;[.tIy -l,a.w w{T.v;q .$er{D;h .${r.dIy .${r.dIy -l,a ? .Wmyir]x;h 'hy,rUx;B -l,a .Wl.m.x;T -l;a.w w{n{y.ris.B ? H'a'b.c -l'K
4
"They will
fall down slain in the
land of the
Chaldeans, And
pierced through in their
streets."
~yir'QUd.m.W ~yiD.f;K #,r,a.B ~yil'l]x .Wl.p'n.w ? 'hy,tw{c.Wx.B
5
For
neither Israel nor Judah has been
forsaken By his
God, the
LORD of
hosts,
Although their
land is
full of
guilt Before the
Holy One of
Israel.
wy'h{l/aem h'd.Whyiw lea'r.fIy !'m.l;a -a{l yiK ? vw{d.Qim ~'v'a h'a.l'm ~'c.r;a yiK tw{a'b.c h'wh.yem ? lea'r.fIy
6
Flee from the
midst of
Babylon, And
each of you
save his
life! Do not be
destroyed in her
punishment, For
this is the
LORD'S time of
vengeance; He is going to
render recompense to her.
.WM;DiT -l;a w{v.p;n vyia .Wj.L;m.W l,b'B .$w{Tim .WsUn ? l.Wm.G h'why;l ayih h'm'q.n te[ yiK H'n{w][;B ? H'l ~eL;v.m a.Wh
7
Babylon has been a
golden cup in the
hand of the
LORD,
Intoxicating all the
earth. The
nations have
drunk of her
wine;
Therefore * the
nations are
going mad.
#,r'a'h -l'K t,r,K;v.m h'wh.y -d;y.B l,b'B b'h'z -sw{K ? ~Iyw{g .Wl.l{h.tIy !eK -l;[ ~Iyw{g .Wt'v H'nyeYim
8
Suddenly Babylon has
fallen and been
broken;
Wail over her!
Bring balm for her
pain;
Perhaps she may be
healed.
'hy,l'[ .Wlyilyeh reb'ViT;w l,b'b h'l.p'n ~{a.tiP ? aep'reT y;l.Wa H'bw{a.k;m.l yir\c .Wx.q
9
We applied
healing to
Babylon, but she was not
healed;
Forsake her and let us
each go to his own
country, For her
judgment has
reached to
heaven And
towers up to the very
skies.
.$elen.w 'h.Wb.zi[ h't'P.rin a{l.w l,b'B -t,a .WnaiPir ? H'j'P.vim ~Iy;m'V;h -l,a [;g'n -yiK w{c.r;a.l vyia ? ~yiq'x.v -d;[ a'Fin.w
10
The
LORD has
brought about our
vindication;
Come and let us
recount in
Zion The
work of the
LORD our
God!
h'r.P;s.n.W .Wa{B .Wnyet{q.dic -t,a h'wh.y ayicw{h ? .Wnyeh{l/a h'wh.y hef][;m -t,a !w{Yic.b
11
Sharpen the
arrows,
fill the
quivers! The
LORD has
aroused the
spirit of the
kings of the
Medes,
Because His
purpose is
against Babylon to
destroy it; For it is the
vengeance of the
LORD,
vengeance for His
temple.
h'wh.y ryi[eh ~yij'l.V;h .Wa.lim ~yiCix;h .Wreb'h ? w{t'Miz.m l,b'B -l;[ -yiK y;d'm yek.l;m ;x.Wr -t,a ? t;m.qin ayih h'wh.y t;m.qin -yiK H'tyix.v;h.l ? w{l'kyeh
12
Lift up a
signal against the
walls of
Babylon;
Post a
strong guard,
Station sentries,
Place men in
ambush! For the
LORD has
both purposed and
performed What He
spoke concerning the
inhabitants of
Babylon.
r'm.viM;h .Wqyiz]x;h sen -.Wa.f l,b'B t{mw{x -l,a ? ~;m'z -m;G yiK ~yib.r{a'h .Wnyik'h ~yir.m{v .Wmyiq'h ? yeb.v{y -l,a r,BiD -r,v]a tea h'f'[ -m;G h'wh.y ? l,b'b
13
O you who
dwell by
many waters,
Abundant in
treasures, Your
end has
come, The
measure of your
end.
a'B t{r'cw{a t;B;r ~yiB;r ~Iy;m -l;[ yiT.n;k{v ? .$e[.ciB t;M;a .$eCiq
14
The
LORD of
hosts has
sworn by
Himself:
"Surely * I will
fill you with a
population like
locusts, And they will
cry out with
shouts of victory
over you."
.$yitaeLim -mia yiK w{v.p;n.B tw{a'b.c h'wh.y [;B.vin ? d'dyeh .$Iy;l'[ .Wn'[.w q,l,Y;K ~'d'a
15
It is He who
made the
earth by His
power, Who
established the
world by His
wisdom, And by His
understanding He
stretched out the
heavens.
w{t'n.Wb.tib.W w{t'm.k'x.B lebeT !yikem w{x{k.B #,r,a hef{[ ? ~Iy'm'v h'j'n
16
When He
utters His
voice, there is a
tumult of
waters in the
heavens, And He causes the
clouds to
ascend from the
end of the
earth; He
makes lightning for the
rain And
brings forth the
wind from His
storehouses.
~yiaif.n l;[;Y;w ~Iy;m'V;B ~Iy;m !w{m]h w{TiT lw{q.l ? ;x.Wr aec{Y;w h'f'[ r'j'M;l ~yiq'r.B #,r'a -hec.qim ? wy't{r.c{aem
17
All mankind is
stupid,
devoid of
knowledge;
Every goldsmith is
put to
shame by his
idols, For his
molten images are
deceitful, And there is
no breath in them.
@er{c -l'K vyib{h t;[;Dim ~'d'a -l'K r;[.bin ? ~'B ;x.Wr -a{l.w w{K.sin r,q,v yiK l,s'Pim
18
They are
worthless, a
work of
mockery; In the
time of their
punishment they will
perish.
.Wdeba{y ~'t'DUq.P te[.B ~yi[UT.[;T hef][;m h'Meh l,b,h
19
The
portion of
Jacob is not like
these; For the
Maker of
all is He, And of the
tribe of His
inheritance; The
LORD of
hosts is His
name.
l{K;h recw{y -yiK bw{q][;y q,lex h,Lea.k -a{l ? w{m.v tw{a'b.c h'wh.y w{t'l]x;n j,bev.w a.Wh
20
He says, "You are My
war-club, My
weapon of
war; And with you I
shatter nations, And with you I
destroy kingdoms.
'$.b yiT.c;Pin.w h'm'x.lim yel.K yil h'T;a -ceP;m ? tw{k'l.m;m '$.b yiT;x.vih.w ~Iyw{G
21
"With you I
shatter the
horse and his
rider, And with you I
shatter the
chariot and its
rider,
b,k,r '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w w{b.k{r.w s.Ws '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w ? w{b.k{r.w
22
And with you I
shatter man and
woman, And with you I
shatter old man and
youth, And with you I
shatter young man and
virgin,
!eq'z '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w h'Via.w vyia '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w ? h'l.Wt.b.W r.Wx'B '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w r;['n'w
23
And with you I
shatter the
shepherd and his
flock, And with you I
shatter the
farmer and his
team, And with you I
shatter governors and
prefects.
r'Kia '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w w{r.d,[.w h,[{r '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w ? ~yin'g.s.W tw{x;P '$.b yiT.c;Pin.w w{D.mic.w
24
"But I will
repay Babylon and
all the
inhabitants of
Chaldea for
all their
evil that they have
done in
Zion before your
eyes,"
declares the
LORD.
tea ~yiD.f;k yeb.vw{y l{k.l.W l,b'b.l yiT.m;Liv.w ? ~,kyenye[.l !w{Yic.b .Wf'[ -r,v]a ~'t'['r -l'K ? h'wh.y ~Ua.n
25
"Behold, I am
against you, O
destroying mountain, Who
destroys the
whole earth,"
declares the
LORD, "And I will
stretch out My
hand against you, And
roll you
down from the
crags, And I will
make you a
burnt out
mountain.
tyix.v;M;h h'wh.y -mUa.n tyix.v;M;h r;h '$y,lea yin.nih ? '$y,l'[ yid'y -t,a yityij'n.w #,r'a'h -l'K -t,a ? r;h.l '$yiT;t.n.W ~yi['l.S;h -nim '$yiT.l;G.lig.w ? h'per.f
26
"They will not
take from you even a
stone for a
corner Nor a
stone for
foundations, But you will be
desolate forever,"
declares the
LORD.
tw{d'sw{m.l !,b,a.w h'Nip.l !,b,a '$.Mim .Wx.qIy -a{l.w ? h'wh.y -mUa.n h,y.hiT ~'lw{[ tw{m.miv -yiK
27
Lift up a
signal in the
land,
Blow a
trumpet among the
nations!
Consecrate the
nations against her,
Summon against her the
kingdoms of
Ararat,
Minni and
Ashkenaz;
Appoint a
marshal against her,
Bring up the
horses like
bristly locusts.
.Wv.D;q ~Iyw{G;B r'pw{v .W[.qiT #,r'a'B sen -.Wa.f ? j;r'r]a tw{k.l.m;m 'hy,l'[ .W[yim.v;h ~Iyw{G 'hy,l'[ ? s.Ws -.Wl][;h r's.pij 'hy,l'[ .Wd.qiP z'n.K.v;a.w yiNim ? r'm's q,l,y.K
28
Consecrate the
nations against her, The
kings of the
Medes, Their
governors and
all their
prefects, And
every land of their
dominion.
'hy,tw{x;P -t,a y;d'm yek.l;m -t,a ~Iyw{g 'hy,l'[ .Wv.D;q ? w{T.l;v.m,m #,r,a -l'K tea.w 'hy,n'g.s -l'K -t,a.w
29
So the
land quakes and
writhes, For the
purposes of the
LORD against Babylon stand, To
make the
land of
Babylon A
desolation without inhabitants.
l,b'B -l;[ h'm'q yiK l{x'T;w #,r'a'h v;[.riT;w ? h'M;v.l l,b'B #,r,a -t,a ~.Wf'l h'wh.y tw{b.v.x;m ? bevw{y !yeaem
30
The
mighty men of
Babylon have
ceased fighting, They
stay in the
strongholds; Their
strength is
exhausted, They are
becoming like
women; Their
dwelling places are
set on
fire, The
bars of her gates are
broken.
tw{d'c.M;B .Wb.v'y ~ex'Lih.l l,b'b yerw{Big .Wl.d'x ? 'hy,t{n.K.vim .WtyiCih ~yiv'n.l .Wy'h ~'t'r.Wb.g h't.v'n ? 'hy,xyir.b .Wr.B.vin
31
One
courier runs to
meet another, And one
messenger to
meet another, To
tell the
king of
Babylon That his
city has been
captured from
end to end;
dyiG;m ta;r.qil dyiG;m.W #.Wr'y #'r -ta;r.qil #'r ? h,c'Qim w{ryi[ h'd.K.lin -yiK l,b'B .$,l,m.l dyiG;h.l
32
The
fords also have been
seized, And they have
burned the
marshes with
fire, And the
men of
war are
terrified.
.Wp.r'f ~yiM;g]a'h -t,a.w .Wf'P.tin tw{r'B.[;M;h.w ? .Wl'h.bin h'm'x.liM;h yev.n;a.w vea'b
33
For
thus says the
LORD of
hosts, the
God of
Israel: "The
daughter of
Babylon is like a
threshing floor At the
time it is
stamped firm;
Yet in a
little while the
time of
harvest will
come for her."
lea'r.fIy yeh{l/a tw{a'b.c h'wh.y r;m'a h{k yiK ? j;[.m dw{[ H'kyir.dih te[ !,r{g.K l,b'B -t;B ? H'l ryic'Q;h -te[ h'a'b.W
34
"Nebuchadnezzar king of
Babylon has
devoured me and
crushed me, He has
set me
down like an
empty vessel; He has
swallowed me like a
monster, He has
filled his
stomach with my
delicacies; He has
washed me
away.
.Wn'gyiCih l,b'B .$,l,m r;Ca,r.d;k.Wb.n .Wn'm'm]h .Wn'l'k]a ? y'n'd][em w{fer.k a'Lim !yiN;T;K .Wn'['l.B qyir yil.K ? .Wn'xyid/h
35
"May the
violence done to me and to my
flesh be upon
Babylon," The
inhabitant of
Zion will
say; And, "May my
blood be upon the
inhabitants of
Chaldea,"
Jerusalem will
say.
!w{Yic t,b,v{y r;ma{T l,b'B -l;[ yirea.v.W yis'm]x ? ~i'l'v.Wr.y r;ma{T ~yiD.f;k yeb.v{y -l,a yim'd.w
36
Therefore thus says the
LORD,
"Behold, I am going to
plead your
case And
exact full vengeance for you; And I will
dry up her
sea And
make her
fountain dry.
.$ebyir -t,a b'r -yin.nih h'wh.y r;m'a h{K !ek'l ? H'M;y -t,a yiT.b;r]x;h.w .$et'm.qin -t,a yiT.m;Qin.w ? H'rw{q.m -t,a yiT.v;b{h.w
37
"Babylon will
become a
heap of ruins, a
haunt of
jackals, An
object of
horror and
hissing,
without inhabitants.
h'M;v ~yiN;T -nw{[.m ~yiL;g.l l,b'b h't.y'h.w ? bevw{y !yeaem h'qer.v.W
38
"They will
roar together like
young lions, They will
growl like
lions' cubs.
tw{y'r]a<0738'> yerw{g.K .Wr]['n .Wg'a.vIy ~yirip.K;K w'D.x;y
39
"When they
become heated up, I will
serve them their
banquet And
make them
drunk, that they may
become jubilant And may
sleep a
perpetual sleep And not
wake up,"
declares the
LORD.
!;[;m.l ~yiT.r;K.vih.w ~,hyeT.vim -t,a tyiv'a ~'MUx.B ? .Wcyiq'y a{l.w ~'lw{[ -t;n.v .Wn.v'y.w .Wz{l][;y ? h'wh.y ~Ua.n
40
"I will
bring them
down like
lambs to the
slaughter, Like
rams together with
male goats.
~yid.WT;[ -mi[ ~yilyea.K ;xw{b.jil ~yir'k.K ~edyirw{a
41
"How Sheshak has been
captured, And the
praise of the
whole earth been
seized!
How Babylon has
become an
object of
horror among the
nations!
#,r'a'h -l'K t;Lih.T fep'TiT;w .$;vev h'd.K.lin .$yea ? ~Iyw{G;B<01471!> l,b'B h'M;v.l h't.y'h .$yea
42
"The
sea has
come up
over Babylon; She has been
engulfed with its
tumultuous waves.
h't's.kin wy'L;G !w{m]h;B ~'Y;h l,b'B -l;[ h'l'[
43
"Her
cities have
become an
object of
horror, A
parched land and a
desert, A
land in
which no * man lives And
through which no son of
man passes.
#,r,a h'b'r][;w h'Yic #,r,a h'M;v.l 'hy,r'[ .Wy'h ? !eh'B r{b][;y -a{l.w vyia -l'K !eh'B bevey -a{l ? ~'d'a -n,B
44
"I will
punish Bel in
Babylon, And I will make
what he has
swallowed come out of his
mouth; And the
nations will
no longer stream to him.
Even the
wall of
Babylon has
fallen down!
w{[.liB -t,a yitaec{h.w l,b'b.B leB -l;[ yiT.d;q'p.W ? t;mw{x -m;G ~Iyw{G dw{[ wy'lea .Wr]h.nIy -a{l.w wyiPim ? h'l'p'n l,b'B
45
"Come forth from her
midst, My
people, And
each of you
save yourselves From the
fierce anger of the
LORD.
w{v.p;n -t,a vyia .Wj.L;m.W yiM;[ H'kw{Tim .Wa.c ? h'wh.y -p;a !w{r]xem
46
"Now
so that your
heart does not
grow faint, And you are not
afraid at the
report that will be
heard in the
land - For the
report will
come one
year, And
after that another
report in another
year, And
violence will be in the
land With
ruler against ruler -
t;[;m.viN;h h'[.Wm.V;B .Wa.ryit.w ~,k.b;b.l .$;rey -n,p.W ? h'n'V;B wy'r]x;a.w h'[.Wm.V;h h'n'V;b a'b.W #,r'a'B ? lev{m -l;[ lev{m.W #,r'a'B s'm'x.w h'[.Wm.V;h
47
Therefore behold,
days are
coming When I will
punish the
idols of
Babylon; And her
whole land will be
put to
shame And
all her
slain will
fall in her
midst.
yelyis.P -l;[ yiT.d;q'p.W ~yia'B ~yim'y heNih !ek'l ? .Wl.PIy 'hy,l'l]x -l'k.w vw{beT H'c.r;a -l'k.w l,b'b ? H'kw{t.b
48
"Then
heaven and
earth and
all that is in them Will
shout for
joy over Babylon, For the
destroyers will
come to her from the
north,"
Declares the
LORD.
l{k.w #,r'a'w ~Iy;m'v l,b'B -l;[ .Wn.Nir.w ? h'wh.y -mUa.n ~yid.dw{V;h H'l -aw{b'y !w{p'Cim yiK ~,h'B r,v]a
49
Indeed Babylon is to
fall for the
slain of
Israel, As
also for
Babylon the
slain of
all the
earth have
fallen.
l,b'b.l -m;G lea'r.fIy yel.l;x l{P.nil l,b'B -m;G ? #,r'a'h -l'k yel.l;x .Wl.p'n
50
You
who have
escaped the
sword,
Depart! Do not
stay!
Remember the
LORD from
afar, And let
Jerusalem come to your
mind.
.Wd{m][;T -l;a .Wk.lih b,r,xem ~yijel.P ? ~,k.b;b.l -l;[ h,l][;T ~i;l'v.Wryiw h'wh.y -t,a qw{x'rem .Wr.kiz
51
We are
ashamed because we have
heard reproach;
Disgrace has
covered our
faces, For
aliens have
entered The
holy places of the
LORD'S house.
.Wnyen'P h'Mil.k h't.SiK h'P.r,x .Wn.[;m'v -yiK .Wn.v{B ? h'wh.y tyeB yev.D.qim -l;[ ~yir'z .Wa'B yiK
52
"Therefore behold, the
days are
coming,"
declares the
LORD, "When I will
punish her
idols, And the
mortally wounded will
groan throughout her
land.
yiT.d;q'p.W h'wh.y -mUa.n ~yia'B ~yim'y -heNih !ek'l ? l'l'x q{n/a,y H'c.r;a -l'k.b.W 'hy,lyis.P -l;[
53
"Though Babylon should
ascend to the
heavens, And
though she should
fortify her
lofty stronghold, From Me
destroyers will
come to her,"
declares the
LORD.
~w{r.m reC;b.t yik.w ~Iy;m'V;h l,b'b h,l][;t -yiK ? h'wh.y -mUa.n H'l ~yid.d{v .Wa{b'y yiTiaem H'ZU[
54
The
sound of an
outcry from
Babylon, And of
great destruction from the
land of the
Chaldeans!
~yiD.f;K #,r,aem lw{d'G r,b,v.w l,b'Bim h'q'[.z lw{q
55
For the
LORD is going to
destroy Babylon, And He will
make her
loud noise vanish from her. And their
waves will
roar like
many waters; The
tumult of their
voices sounds forth.
h'N,Mim d;Bia.w l,b'B -t,a h'wh.y ded{v -yiK ? !;Tin ~yiB;r ~Iy;m.K ~,hyeL;g .Wm'h.w lw{d'G lw{q ? ~'lw{q !w{a.v
56
For the
destroyer is
coming against her,
against Babylon, And her
mighty men will be
captured, Their
bows are
shattered; For the
LORD is a
God of
recompense, He will
fully repay.
.Wd.K.lin.w dedw{v l,b'B -l;[ 'hy,l'[ a'b yiK ? tw{lUm.G lea yiK ~'tw{t.V;q h't.Tix 'hy,rw{BiG ? ~eL;v.y ~eL;v h'wh.y
57
"I will
make her
princes and her
wise men drunk, Her
governors, her
prefects and her
mighty men, That they may
sleep a
perpetual sleep and not
wake up,"
Declares the
King, whose
name is the
LORD of
hosts.
'hy,n'g.s.W 'hy,tw{x;P 'hy,m'k]x;w 'hy,r'f yiT.r;K.vih.w ? .Wcyiq'y a{l.w ~'lw{[ -t;n.v .Wn.v'y.w 'hy,rw{Big.w ? w{m.v tw{a'b.c h'wh.y .$,l,M;h -mUa.n
58
Thus says the
LORD of
hosts, "The
broad wall of
Babylon will be
completely razed And her
high gates will be
set on
fire; So the
peoples will
toil for
nothing, And the
nations become exhausted only for
fire."
h'b'x.r'h l,b'B tw{m{x tw{a'b.c h'wh.y r;m'a -h{K ? .WT;CIy vea'B ~yih{b.G;h 'hy,r'[.v.W r'[.r;[.tiT re[.r;[ ? vea -yed.B ~yiMUa.l.W qyir -yed.B ~yiM;[ .W[.gIy.w ? .Wpe['y.w
59
The
message which Jeremiah the
prophet commanded Seraiah the
son of
Neriah, the grand
son of
Mahseiah, when he
went with
Zedekiah the
king of
Judah to
Babylon in the
fourth year of his
reign. (Now
Seraiah was
quartermaster *.)
h'y'r.f -t,a ayib'N;h .Wh'y.m.rIy h\Wic -r,v]a r'b'D;h ? .Wh'Yiq.dic -t,a w{T.k,l.B h'yes.x;m -n,B h'Yiren -n,b ? w{k.l'm.l tyi[ib.r'h t;n.viB l,b'B h'd.Wh.y -.k,l,m ? h'x.Wn.m r;f h'y'r.f.W
60
So
Jeremiah wrote in a
single scroll all the
calamity which would
come upon
Babylon, that is,
all these words which have been
written concerning Babylon.
aw{b'T -r,v]a h'['r'h -l'K tea .Wh'y.m.rIy b{T.kiY;w ? ~yir'b.D;h -l'K tea d'x,a r,pes -l,a l,b'B -l,a ? l,b'B -l,a ~yibUt.K;h h,Lea'h
61
Then
Jeremiah said to
Seraiah, "As soon as you
come to
Babylon, then
see that you
read all these words aloud,
l,b'b '$]a{b.K h'y'r.f -l,a .Wh'y.m.rIy r,ma{Y;w ? h,Lea'h ~yir'b.D;h -l'K tea 'ta'r'q.w 'tyia'r.w
62
and
say, 'You, O
LORD, have
promised concerning this place to
cut it
off, so that there will be
nothing dwelling in it,
whether man or
beast, but it will be a
perpetual desolation.'
h,Z;h ~w{q'M;h -l,a 'T.r;Bid h'T;a h'wh.y 'T.r;m'a.w ? ~'d'aem.l bevw{y w{B -tw{y/h yiT.lib.l w{tyir.k;h.l ? h,y.hiT ~'lw{[ tw{m.miv -yiK h'meh.B -d;[.w
63
"And as soon as you
finish reading this scroll, you will
tie a
stone to it and
throw it into the
middle of the
Euphrates,
r{v.qiT h,Z;h r,peS;h -t,a a{r.qil '$.t{L;k.K h'y'h.w ? t'r.P .$w{T -l,a w{T.k;l.vih.w !,b,a wy'l'[
64
and
say,
'Just so shall
Babylon sink down and not
rise again
because * of the
calamity that I am going to
bring upon her; and they will
become exhausted.' "
Thus far are the
words of
Jeremiah.
yen.Pim ~.Wq't -a{l.w l,b'B [;q.viT h'k'K 'T.r;m'a.w ? h'Neh -d;[ .Wpe['y.w 'hy,l'[ ayibem yik{n'a r,v]a h'['r'h ? .Wh'y.m.rIy yer.biD