Éxodo 13

1 Dedicación de los primeros hijos varones
Luego el Señor
le dijo a Moisés:

2 «Dedícame a todos los primeros hijos varones del pueblo de Israel. Todo primer nacido, tanto de los seres humanos como de los animales, me pertenece».

3 Entonces Moisés dijo a los israelitas: «Este es un día para recordar por siempre: es el día que salieron de Egipto, donde eran esclavos. Hoy el Señor
los sacó con la fuerza de su mano poderosa. (Recuerden no comer nada que contenga levadura).

4 Este preciso día, a comienzos de la primavera, en el mes de
ustedes fueron liberados.

5 Una vez que el Señor
los haga entrar en la tierra de los cananeos, los hititas, los amorreos, los heveos y los jebuseos, deberán celebrar este suceso cada año, en este mes. (Él les juró a sus antepasados que les daría esa tierra, una tierra donde fluyen la leche y la miel).

6 Durante siete días tendrán que preparar sin levadura el pan que coman. Entonces el séptimo día celebrarán una fiesta al Señor
.

7 En esos siete días, coman pan sin levadura. De hecho, durante ese período, no debe haber pan con levadura ni ningún rastro de levadura dentro de su territorio.

8 »El séptimo día, darán a sus hijos la siguiente explicación: “Hoy celebro lo que el Señor
hizo por mí cuando salí de Egipto”.

9 Este festival anual será para ustedes una señal visible, como una marca grabada en la mano o en la frente, que les recuerde recitar siempre esta enseñanza del Señor
: “Con mano fuerte, el Señor
los rescató de Egipto”.

10 Por lo tanto, cumplan el decreto de este festival cada año, en la fecha señalada.

11 »Cuando el Señor
cumpla la promesa que les juró a ustedes y a sus antepasados, esto es lo que deben hacer: el día que él les dé la tierra donde actualmente viven los cananeos,

12 deberán presentar al Señor
todo primer hijo varón y toda primera cría macho de los animales, porque a él le pertenecen.

13 Para recuperar la primera cría de un burro, podrán pagar rescate al Señor
entregando como sustituto un cordero o un cabrito; pero si no pagan rescate para recuperarlo, tendrán que quebrarle el cuello al animal. Sin embargo, tienen la obligación de pagar rescate por todo primer hijo varón.

14 »En el futuro, sus hijos les preguntarán: “¿Qué significa todo esto?”, y ustedes les dirán: “Con la fuerza de su mano poderosa, el Señor
nos sacó de Egipto, donde éramos esclavos.

15 El faraón se puso terco y por nada quiso dejarnos salir, entonces el Señor
mató a todos los primeros hijos varones en toda la tierra de Egipto y también a los machos de las primeras crías de los animales. Por eso ahora sacrifico a todos los machos primer nacidos al Señor
, pero siempre pagamos rescate para recuperar a los primeros hijos varones”.

16 Esta ceremonia servirá como una marca grabada en la mano o en la frente. Es un recordatorio de que el Señor
nos sacó de Egipto con la fuerza de su mano poderosa».

17 Desviación de Israel en el desierto
Cuando por fin el faraón dejó salir a los israelitas, Dios no los guió por el camino principal que atraviesa el territorio filisteo, aunque esa era la ruta más corta a la Tierra Prometida. Dios dijo: «Si los israelitas llegaran a enfrentar una batalla, podrían cambiar de parecer y regresar a Egipto».

18 Por eso Dios los hizo dar un rodeo por el camino del desierto, hacia el mar Rojo.
Así los israelitas salieron de Egipto como un ejército preparado para la batalla.

19 Moisés llevó consigo los restos de José, porque José había hecho jurar a los hijos de Israel que así lo harían cuando dijo: «Pueden estar seguros de que Dios vendrá a ayudarlos. Cuando eso suceda, llévense de aquí mis restos con ustedes».

20 Entonces los israelitas salieron de Sucot y acamparon en Etam, al límite del desierto.

21 El Señor
iba delante de ellos, y los guiaba durante el día mediante una columna de nube y les daba luz durante la noche con una columna de fuego. Esto les permitía viajar de día y de noche.

22 El Señor
nunca quitó de su lugar, delante de ellos, la columna de nube ni la columna de fuego.

Éxodo 13 Commentary

Chapter 13

The first-born sanctified to God The remembrance of the passover commanded. (1-10) The firstlings of beasts set apart. (11-16) Joseph's bones carried with the Israelites, They come to Etham. (17-20) God guideth the Israelites by a pillar of cloud fire. (21,22)

Verses 1-10 In remembrance of the destruction of the first-born of Egypt, both of man and of beast, and the deliverance of the Israelites out of bondage, the first-born males of the Israelites were set apart to the Lord. By this was set before them, that their lives were preserved through the ransom of the atonement, which in due time was to be made for sin. They were also to consider their lives, thus ransomed from death, as now to be consecrated to the service of God. The parents were not to look upon themselves as having any right in their first-born, till they solemnly presented them to God, and allowed his title to them. That which is, by special mercy, spared to us, should be applied to God's honour; at least, some grateful acknowledgment, in works of piety and charity, should be made. The remembrance of their coming out of Egypt must be kept up every year. The day of Christ's resurrection is to be remembered, for in it we were raised up with Christ out of death's house of bondage. The Scripture tells us not expressly what day of the year Christ rose, but it states particularly what day of the week it was; as the more valuable deliverance, it should be remembered weekly. The Israelites must keep the feast of unleavened bread. Under the gospel, we must not only remember Christ, but observe his holy supper. Do this in remembrance of him. Also care must be taken to teach children the knowledge of God. Here is an old law for catechising. It is of great use to acquaint children betimes with the histories of the Bible. And those who have God's law in their heart should have it in their mouth, and often speak of it, to affect themselves, and to teach others.

Verses 11-16 The firstlings of beast not used in sacrifice, were to be changed for others so used, or they were to be destroyed. Our souls are forfeited to God's justice, and unless ransomed by the sacrifice of Christ, will certainly perish. These institutions would continually remind them of their duty, to love and serve the Lord. In like manner, baptism and the Lord's supper, if explained and attended to, would remind us, and give us occasion to remind one another of our profession and duty.

Verses 17-20 There were two ways from Egypt to Canaan. One was only a few days' journey; the other was much further about, through the wilderness, and that was the way in which God chose to lead his people Israel. The Egyptians were to be drowned in the Red sea; the Israelites were to be humbled and proved in the wilderness. God's way is the right way, though it seems about. If we think he leads not his people the nearest way, yet we may be sure he leads them the best way, and so it will appear when we come to our journey's end. The Philistines were powerful enemies; it was needful that the Israelites should be prepared for the wars of Canaan, by passing through the difficulties of the wilderness. Thus God proportions his people's trials to their strength, 1Co. 10:13 . They went up in good order. They went up in five in a rank, some; in five bands, so others, which it seems rather to their faith and hope, that God would bring them to Canaan, in expectation of which they carried these bones with them while in the desert.

Verses 21-22 The Lord went before them in a pillar, or appearance of the Divine Majesty. Christ was with the church in the ( 1 Corinthians. 10:13 ) he will not leave nor lose there, but will take care to lead them through it. It was great satisfaction to Moses and the pious Israelites, to be sure that they were under Divine guidance. Those who make the glory of God their end, and the word of God their rule, the Spirit of God the guide of their affections, and the providence of God the guide of their affairs, may be sure that the Lord goes before them, though they cannot see it with their eyes: we must now live by faith. When Israel marched, this pillar went before, and pointed out the place of encampment, as Divine Wisdom saw fit. It sheltered by day from the heat, and gave light by night. The Bible is a light to our feet, a lantern to our paths, with which the Saviour's love has provided us. It testifies of Christ. It is to us like the pillar to the Israelites. Listen to that voice which cries, I am the Light of the world; he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the Light of life, ( John 8:12 ) . Jesus Christ alone, as shown in the Bible, and as the Holy Spirit, in answer to prayer, recommends him to the soul, is the Way, the Truth, and the Life, ( John 14:6 ) .

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO EXODUS 13

This chapter begins with an order to sanctify or set apart the firstborn of man and beast to the Lord, Ex 13:1,2 and the people of Israel are charged to keep the feast of unleavened bread in its season, from year to year, when they came into the land of Canaan, the reason of which they were to acquaint their children with, Ex 13:3-10 and they are also directed, when come into the land of Canaan, to set apart every firstling of a beast unto the Lord, and particularly the firstling of an ass was to be redeemed with a lamb, or its neck to be broke, and all the firstborn of men were to be redeemed also, Ex 13:11-13, and when their children inquired the reason of it, they were to be told it was on account of the Lord's slaying the firstborn of men and beast among the Egyptians, when Pharaoh would not let Israel go, and of saving the firstborn of his people, Ex 13:14-16, and it is observed, that when the children of Israel went out of Egypt, they were not led by the nearest way, the way of the land of the Philistines, but a round about way, the way of the wilderness of the Red sea, when they took the bones of Joseph with them, as he had adjured them to do, Ex 13:17-19, and the chapter is concluded with an account of their journeying from Succoth to Etham, the Lord going before them in a pillar of cloud by day, and in a pillar of fire by night, Ex 13:20-22.