2 Samuel 1

Davi Recebe a Notícia da Morte de Saul

1 Depois da morte de Saul, Davi retornou de sua vitória sobre os amalequitas. Fazia dois dias que ele estava em Ziclague

2 quando, no terceiro dia, chegou um homem que vinha do acampamento de Saul, com as roupas rasgadas e terra na cabeça. Ao aproximar-se de Davi, prostrou-se com o rosto em terra, em sinal de respeito.

3 Davi então lhe perguntou: “De onde você vem?”Ele respondeu: “Fugi do acampamento israelita”.

4 Disse Davi: “Conte-me o que aconteceu”.E o homem contou: “O nosso exército fugiu da batalha, e muitos morreram. Saul e Jônatas também estão mortos”.

5 Então Davi perguntou ao jovem que lhe trouxera as notícias: “Como você sabe que Saul e Jônatas estão mortos?”

6 O jovem respondeu: “Cheguei por acaso ao monte Gilboa, e lá estava Saul, apoiado em sua lança. Os carros de guerra e os oficiais da cavalaria estavam a ponto de alcançá-lo.

7 Quando ele se virou e me viu, chamou-me gritando, e eu disse: Aqui estou.

8 “Ele me perguntou: ‘Quem é você?’“Sou amalequita, respondi.

9 “Então ele me ordenou: ‘Venha aqui e mate-me! Estou na angústia da morte!’.

10 “Por isso aproximei-me dele e o matei, pois sabia que ele não sobreviveria ao ferimento. Peguei a coroa e o bracelete dele e trouxe-os a ti, meu senhor”.

11 Então Davi rasgou suas vestes; e os homens que estavam com ele fizeram o mesmo.

12 E se lamentaram, chorando e jejuando até o fim da tarde, por Saul e por seu filho Jônatas, pelo exército do SENHOR e pelo povo de Israel, porque muitos haviam sido mortos à espada.

13 E Davi perguntou ao jovem que lhe trouxera as notícias: “De onde você é?”E ele respondeu: “Sou filho de um estrangeiro, sou amalequita”.

14 Davi lhe perguntou: “Como você não temeu levantar a mão para matar o ungido do SENHOR?”

15 Então Davi chamou um dos seus soldados e lhe disse: “Venha aqui e mate-o!” O servo o feriu, e o homem morreu.

16 Davi tinha dito ao jovem: “Você é responsável por sua própria morte. Sua boca testemunhou contra você, quando disse: ‘Matei o ungido do SENHOR’.”

Davi Lamenta-se por Saul e Jônatas

17 Davi cantou este lamento sobre Saul e seu filho Jônatas,

18 e ordenou que se ensinasse aos homens de Judá; é o Lamento do Arco, que foi registrado no Livro de Jasar:

19 “O seu esplendor, ó Israel, está morto sobre os seus montes.Como caíram os guerreiros!

20 “Não conte isso em Gate,não o proclame nas ruas de Ascalom,para que não se alegrem as filhas dos filisteusnem exultem as filhas dos incircuncisos.

21 “Ó colinas de Gilboa,nunca mais haja orvalho nem chuva sobre vocês,nem campos que produzam trigo para as ofertas.Porque ali foi profanado o escudo dos guerreiros,o escudo de Saul, que nunca mais será polido com óleo.

22 “Do sangue dos mortos,da carne^[a] dos guerreiros,o arco de Jônatas nunca recuou,a espada de Saul sempre cumpriu a sua tarefa.

23 “Saul e Jônatas, mui amados,nem na vida nem na morteforam separados.Eram mais ágeis que as águias,mais fortes que os leões.

24 “Chorem por Saul,ó filhas de Israel!Chorem aquele que as vestia de rubros ornamentose que suas roupas enfeitava com adornos de ouro.

25 “Como caíram os guerreiros no meio da batalha!Jônatas está morto sobre os montes de Israel.

26 Como estou triste por você, Jônatas, meu irmão!Como eu lhe queria bem!Sua amizade era, para mim, mais preciosaque o amor das mulheres!

27 “Caíram os guerreiros!As armas de guerra foram destruídas!”

2 Samuel 1 Commentary

Chapter 1

This book is the history of the reign of king David. It relates his victories, the growth of the prosperity of Israel, and his reformation of the state of religion. With these events are recorded the grievous sins he committed, and the family as well as public troubles with which he was punished. We here meet with many things worthy of imitation, and many that are written for our warning. The history of king David is given in Scripture with much faithfulness, and from it he appears, to those who fairly balance his many virtues and excellent qualities against his faults, to have been a great and good man.

Tidings brought to David of the death of Saul. (1-10) The Amalekite is put to death. (11-16) David's lamentation for Saul and Jonathan. (17-27)

Verses 1-10 The blow which opened David's way to the throne was given about the time he had been sorely distressed. Those who commit their concerns to the Lord, will quietly abide his will. It shows that he desired not Saul's death, and he was not impatient to come to the throne.

Verses 11-16 David was sincere in his mourning for Saul; and all with him humbled themselves under the hand of God, laid so heavily upon Israel by this defeat. The man who brought the tidings, David put to death, as a murderer of his prince. David herein did not do unjustly; the Amalekite confessed the crime. If he did as he said, he deserved to die for treason; and his lying to David, if indeed it were a lie, proved, as sooner or later that sin will prove, lying against himself. Hereby David showed himself zealous for public justice, without regard to his own private interest.

Verses 17-27 Kasheth, or "the bow," probably was the title of this mournful, funeral song. David does not commend Saul for what he was not; and says nothing of his piety or goodness. Jonathan was a dutiful son, Saul an affectionate father, therefore dear to each other. David had reason to say, that Jonathan's love to him was wonderful. Next to the love between Christ and his people, that affection which springs form it, produces the strongest friendship. The trouble of the Lord's people, and triumphs of his enemies, will always grieve true believers, whatever advantages they may obtain by them.

Footnotes

• [a]. Hebraico: "gordura."

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL

This book, in many copies of the Hebrew Bible, is carried on without any new title put unto it; the reason of it is, because, by some, this, with the preceding, has been reckoned but one book: hence the Jews say {a}, Samuel wrote his book, not his books; in others it is called Samuel Second; and by the Vulgate Latin the Second Book of Samuel, which we call the Second of Kings; though why his name should be put to it at all I see not, since it neither concerns him, nor could it be written by him, being an history of events after his death. The Greek version calls it the Second of Kings; and the Syriac version, the Second Book of the Kings of Israel; whereas there is but one king of Israel it makes mention of, and of whose actions only it is an history; and therefore with greater propriety it is called, as the Arabic version, the Book of David the Prophet, of whose reign, from the beginning to the end of it, it gives an account: wherefore Isidore {b} thinks it was written by David; and if so, it has this mark of simplicity and integrity, that the writer does not spare himself, nor conceal his own faults, and particularly that very capital one, the affair of Bathsheba, and also his numbering of the people; but it is most probable that it was written by Nathan and Gad {c}, see 1Ch 29:29; but whoever was the penman of it, there is no doubt to be made of its being written by inspiration, or that it is canonical; which has never been questioned, since there stands in it a famous prophecy concerning the building of the temple by a son of David, which had an exact accomplishment, 2Sa 7:12,13; as well as of the family of David, for a great while to come, which also was fulfilled, 2Sa 7:19; and an eminent passage concerning the Messiah, the son of David, and of his divine sonship, 2Sa 7:14; quoted by the Apostle Paul in proof of it, Heb 1:5. It contains an history of about forty years, for so long David reigned, seven years and six months in Hebron, over Judah, and thirty three years in Jerusalem, over all Israel and Judah; and this book relates his last words.

{a} T. Bab. Bava Bathra, fol. 14. 2. {b} Origin. l. 6. c. 2. {c} Alting. Theolog. Hist. loc. 2. p. 86.

\\INTRODUCTION TO SECOND SAMUEL 1\\

This chapter contains an account of the death of Saul and Jonathan, as related to David by an Amalekite, 2Sa 1:1-10; of the sorrow he and his men were filled with at the news of it, 2Sa 1:11,12; of his order to put to death the messenger that brought the tidings, for his concern in the death of Saul, according to his own testimony, 2Sa 1:13-16; and of a lamentation composed by David on this occasion, 2Sa 1:17-27.