Gênesis 37

Os Sonhos de José

1 Jacó habitou na terra de Canaã, onde seu pai tinha vivido como estrangeiro.

2 Esta é a história da família de Jacó:Quando José tinha dezessete anos, pastoreava os rebanhos com os seus irmãos. Ajudava os filhos de Bila e os filhos de Zilpa, mulheres de seu pai; e contava ao pai a má fama deles.

3 Ora, Israel gostava mais de José do que de qualquer outro filho, porque lhe havia nascido em sua velhice; por isso mandou fazer para ele uma túnica longa.^[a]

4 Quando os seus irmãos viram que o pai gostava mais dele do que de qualquer outro filho, odiaram-no e não conseguiam falar com ele amigavelmente.

5 Certa vez, José teve um sonho e, quando o contou a seus irmãos, eles passaram a odiá-lo ainda mais.

6 “Ouçam o sonho que tive”, disse-lhes.

7 “Estávamos amarrando os feixes de trigo no campo, quando o meu feixe se levantou e ficou em pé, e os seus feixes se ajuntaram ao redor do meu e se curvaram diante dele”.

8 Seus irmãos lhe disseram: “Então você vai reinar sobre nós? Quer dizer que você vai nos governar?” E o odiaram ainda mais, por causa do sonho e do que tinha dito.

9 Depois teve outro sonho e o contou aos seus irmãos: “Tive outro sonho, e desta vez o sol, a lua e onze estrelas se curvavam diante de mim”.

10 Quando o contou ao pai e aos irmãos, o pai o repreendeu e lhe disse: “Que sonho foi esse que você teve? Será que eu, sua mãe, e seus irmãos viremos a nos curvar até o chão diante de você?”

11 Assim seus irmãos tiveram ciúmes dele; o pai, no entanto, refletia naquilo.

Vendido pelos Irmãos

12 Os irmãos de José tinham ido cuidar dos rebanhos do pai, perto de Siquém,

13 e Israel disse a José: “Como você sabe, seus irmãos estão apascentando os rebanhos perto de Siquém. Quero que você vá até lá”.“Sim, senhor”, respondeu ele.

14 Disse-lhe o pai: “Vá ver se está tudo bem com os seus irmãos e com os rebanhos, e traga-me notícias”. Jacó o enviou quando estava no vale de Hebrom.Mas José se perdeu quando se aproximava de Siquém;

15 um homem o encontrou vagueando pelos campos e lhe perguntou: “Que é que você está procurando?”

16 Ele respondeu: “Procuro meus irmãos. Pode me dizer onde eles estão apascentando os rebanhos?”

17 Respondeu o homem: “Eles já partiram daqui. Eu os ouvi dizer: ‘Vamos para Dotã’.”Assim José foi em busca dos seus irmãos e os encontrou perto de Dotã.

18 Mas eles o viram de longe e, antes que chegasse, planejaram matá-lo.

19 “Lá vem aquele sonhador!”, diziam uns aos outros.

20 “É agora! Vamos matá-lo e jogá-lo num destes poços, e diremos que um animal selvagem o devorou. Veremos então o que será dos seus sonhos”.

21 Quando Rúben ouviu isso, tentou livrá-lo das mãos deles, dizendo: “Não lhe tiremos a vida!”

22 E acrescentou: “Não derramem sangue. Joguem-no naquele poço no deserto, mas não toquem nele”. Rúben propôs isso com a intenção de livrá-lo e levá-lo de volta ao pai.

23 Chegando José, seus irmãos lhe arrancaram a túnica longa,

24 agarraram-no e o jogaram no poço, que estava vazio e sem água.

25 Ao se assentarem para comer, viram ao longe uma caravana de ismaelitas que vinha de Gileade. Seus camelos estavam carregados de especiarias, bálsamo e mirra, que eles levavam para o Egito.

26 Judá disse então a seus irmãos: “Que ganharemos se matarmos o nosso irmão e escondermos o seu sangue?

27 Vamos vendê-lo aos ismaelitas. Não tocaremos nele, afinal é nosso irmão, é nosso próprio sangue”.^[b] E seus irmãos concordaram.

28 Quando os mercadores ismaelitas de Midiã se aproximaram, seus irmãos tiraram José do poço e o venderam por vinte peças de prata aos ismaelitas, que o levaram para o Egito.

29 Quando Rúben voltou ao poço e viu que José não estava lá, rasgou suas vestes

30 e, voltando a seus irmãos, disse: “O jovem não está lá! Para onde irei agora?”

31 Então eles mataram um bode, mergulharam no sangue a túnica de José

32 e a mandaram ao pai com este recado: “Achamos isto. Veja se é a túnica de teu filho”.

33 Ele a reconheceu e disse: “É a túnica de meu filho! Um animal selvagem o devorou! José foi despedaçado!”

34 Então Jacó rasgou suas vestes, vestiu-se de pano de saco e chorou muitos dias por seu filho.

35 Todos os seus filhos e filhas vieram consolá-lo, mas ele recusou ser consolado, dizendo: “Não! Chorando descerei à sepultura^[c] para junto de meu filho”. E continuou a chorar por ele.

36 Nesse meio-tempo, no Egito, os midianitas venderam José a Potifar, oficial do faraó e capitão da guarda.

Gênesis 37 Commentary

Chapter 37

Joseph is loved of Jacob, but hated by his brethren. (1-4) Joseph's dreams. (5-11) Jacob sends Joseph to visit his brethren, They conspire his death. (12-22) Joseph's brethren sell him. (23-10) Jacob deceived, Joseph sold to Potiphar. (31-36)

Verses 1-4 In Joseph's history we see something of Christ, who was first humbled and then exalted. It also shows the lot of Christians, who must through many tribulations enter into the kingdom. It is a history that has none like it, for displaying the various workings of the human mind, both good and bad, and the singular providence of God in making use of them for fulfilling his purposes. Though Joseph was his father's darling, yet he was not bred up in idleness. Those do not truly love their children, who do not use them to business, and labour, and hardships. The fondling of children is with good reason called the spoiling of them. Those who are trained up to do nothing, are likely to be good for nothing. But Jacob made known his love, by dressing Joseph finer than the rest of his children. It is wrong for parents to make a difference between one child and another, unless there is great cause for it, by the children's dutifulness, or undutifulness. When parents make a difference, children soon notice it, and it leads to quarrels in families. Jacob's sons did that, when they were from under his eye, which they durst not have done at home with him; but Joseph gave his father an account of their ill conduct, that he might restrain them. Not as a tale-bearer, to sow discord, but as a faithful brother.

Verses 5-11 God gave Joseph betimes the prospect of his advancement, to support and comfort him under his long and grievous troubles. Observe, Joseph dreamed of his preferment, but he did not dream of his imprisonment. Thus many young people, when setting out in the world, think of nothing but prosperity and pleasure, and never dream of trouble. His brethren rightly interpreted the dream, though they abhorred the interpretation of it. While they committed crimes in order to defeat it, they were themselves the instruments of accomplishing it. Thus the Jews understood what Christ said of his kingdom. Determined that he should not reign over them, they consulted to put him to death; and by his crucifixion, made way for the exaltation they designed to prevent.

Verses 12-22 How readily does Joseph wait his father's orders! Those children who are best beloved by their parents, should be the most ready to obey them. See how deliberate Joseph's brethren were against him. They thought to slay him from malice aforethought, and in cold blood. Whosoever hateth his brother is ( 1 John. 3:15 ) because their father loved him. New occasions, as his dreams and the like, drew them on further; but this laid rankling in their hearts, till they resolved on his death. God has all hearts in his hands. Reuben had most reason to be jealous of Joseph, for he was the first-born; yet he proves his best friend. God overruled all to serve his own purpose, of making Joseph an instrument to save much people alive. Joseph was a type of Christ; for though he was the beloved Son of his Father, and hated by a wicked world, yet the Father sent him out of his bosom to visit us in great humility and love. He came from heaven to earth to seek and save us; yet then malicious plots were laid against him. His own not only received him not, but crucified him. This he submitted to, as a part of his design to redeem and save us.

Verses 23-30 They threw Joseph into a pit, to perish there with hunger and cold; so cruel were their tender mercies. They slighted him when he was in distress, and were not grieved for the affliction of Joseph, see ( Amos 6:6 ) ; for when he was pining in the pit, they sat down to eat bread. They felt no remorse of conscience for the sin. But the wrath of man shall praise God, and the remainder of wrath he will restrain, ( Psalms 76:10 ) . Joseph's brethren were wonderfully restrained from murdering him, and their selling him as wonderfully turned to God's praise.

Verses 31-36 When Satan has taught men to commit one sin, he teaches them to try to conceal it with another; to hide theft and murder, with lying and false oaths: but he that covers his sin shall not prosper long. Joseph's brethren kept their own and one another's counsel for some time; but their villany came to light at last, and it is here published to the world. To grieve their father, they sent him Joseph's coat of colours; and he hastily thought, on seeing the bloody coat, that Joseph was rent in pieces. Let those that know the heart of a parent, suppose the agony of poor Jacob. His sons basely pretended to comfort him, but miserable, hypocritical comforters were they all. Had they really desired to comfort him, they might at once have done it, by telling the truth. The heart is strangely hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. Jacob refused to be comforted. Great affection to any creature prepares for so much the greater affliction, when it is taken from us, or made bitter to us: undue love commonly ends in undue grief. It is the wisdom of parents not to bring up children delicately, they know not to what hardships they may be brought before they die. From the whole of this chapter we see with wonder the ways of Providence. The malignant brothers seem to have gotten their ends; the merchants, who care not what they deal in so that they gain, have also obtained theirs; and Potiphar, having got a fine young slave, has obtained his! But God's designs are, by these means, in train for execution. This event shall end in Israel's going down to Egypt; that ends in their deliverance by Moses; that in setting up the true religion in the world; and that in the spread of it among all nations by the gospel. Thus the wrath of man shall praise the Lord, and the remainder thereof will he restrain.

Footnotes

• [a]. Ou "de diversas cores; " também nos versículos 23 e 32.
• [b]. Hebraico: "nossa carne."
• [c]. Hebraico: "Sheol. " Essa palavra também pode ser traduzida por "profundezas, pó " ou "morte."

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 37

In this chapter begins the history of Joseph, with whom the remaining part of this book is chiefly concerned; and here are related the hatred of his brethren to him, because he brought an ill report of them to his father, and because his father loved him, and which was increased by the dream he dreamed, and told them of, Ge 37:1-11; a visit of his to his brethren in the fields, whom he found after a long search of them, Ge 37:12-17; their conspiracy on sight of him to slay him, but by the advice of Reuben it was agreed to cast him into a pit, which they did, Ge 37:18-24; and after that, at the motion of Judah, sold him to the Ishmaelites, who were going to Egypt, Ge 37:25-28; this being done, Reuben being absent, and not finding Joseph in the pit, was in great distress, Ge 37:29,30; their contrivance to deceive their father, and make him believe that Joseph was destroyed by a wild beast, which on the sight of the coat he credited, and became inconsolable, Ge 37:31-35; and the chapter concludes with the sale of Joseph in Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, Ge 37:36.