Génesis 37

Los sueños de José

1 Jacob se estableció en la tierra de Canaán, donde su padre había residido como extranjero.

2 Esta es la historia de Jacob y su familia.Cuando José tenía diecisiete años, apacentaba el rebaño junto a sus hermanos, los hijos de Bilhá y de Zilpá, que eran concubinas de su padre. El joven José solía informar a su padre de la mala fama que tenían estos hermanos suyos.

3 Israel amaba a José más que a sus otros hijos, porque lo había tenido en su vejez. Por eso mandó que le confeccionaran una túnica muy elegante.^[a]

4 Viendo sus hermanos que su padre amaba más a José que a ellos, comenzaron a odiarlo y ni siquiera lo saludaban.

5 Cierto día José tuvo un sueño y, cuando se lo contó a sus hermanos, estos le tuvieron más odio todavía,

6 pues les dijo:—Préstenme atención, que les voy a contar lo que he soñado.

7 Resulta que estábamos todos nosotros en el campo atando gavillas. De pronto, mi gavilla se levantó y quedó erguida, mientras que las de ustedes se juntaron alrededor de la mía y le hicieron reverencias.

8 Sus hermanos replicaron:—¿De veras crees que vas a reinar sobre nosotros, y que nos vas a someter?Y lo odiaron aún más por los sueños que él les contaba.

9 Después José tuvo otro sueño, y se lo contó a sus hermanos. Les dijo:—Tuve otro sueño, en el que veía que el sol, la luna y once estrellas me hacían reverencias.

10 Cuando se lo contó a su padre y a sus hermanos, su padre lo reprendió:—¿Qué quieres decirnos con este sueño que has tenido? —le preguntó—. ¿Acaso tu madre, tus hermanos y yo vendremos a hacerte reverencias?

11 Sus hermanos le tenían envidia, pero su padre meditaba en todo esto.

José es vendido por sus hermanos

12 En cierta ocasión, los hermanos de José se fueron a Siquén para apacentar las ovejas de su padre.

13 Israel le dijo a José:—Tus hermanos están en Siquén apacentando las ovejas. Quiero que vayas a verlos.—Está bien —contestó José.

14 Israel continuó:—Vete a ver si tus hermanos y el rebaño están bien, y tráeme noticias frescas.Y lo envió desde el valle de Hebrón. Cuando José llegó a Siquén,

15 un hombre lo encontró perdido en el campo y le preguntó:—¿Qué andas buscando?

16 —Ando buscando a mis hermanos —contestó José—. ¿Podría usted indicarme dónde están apacentando el rebaño?

17 —Ya se han marchado de aquí —le informó el hombre—. Les oí decir que se dirigían a Dotán.José siguió buscando a sus hermanos, y los encontró cerca de Dotán.

18 Como ellos alcanzaron a verlo desde lejos, antes de que se acercara tramaron un plan para matarlo.

19 Se dijeron unos a otros:—Ahí viene ese soñador.

20 Ahora sí que le llegó la hora. Vamos a matarlo y echarlo en una de estas cisternas, y diremos que lo devoró un animal salvaje. ¡Y a ver en qué terminan sus sueños!

21 Cuando Rubén escuchó esto, intentó librarlo de las garras de sus hermanos, así que les propuso:—No lo matemos.

22 No derramen sangre. Arrójenlo en esta cisterna en el desierto, pero no le pongan la mano encima.Rubén dijo esto porque su intención era rescatar a José y devolverlo a su padre.

23 Cuando José llegó adonde estaban sus hermanos, le arrancaron la túnica muy elegante,

24 lo agarraron y lo echaron en una cisterna que estaba vacía y seca.

25 Luego se sentaron a comer. En eso, al levantar la vista, divisaron una caravana de ismaelitas que venía de Galaad. Sus camellos estaban cargados de perfumes, bálsamo y mirra, que llevaban a Egipto.

26 Entonces Judá les propuso a sus hermanos:—¿Qué ganamos con matar a nuestro hermano y ocultar su muerte?

27 En vez de eliminarlo, vendámoslo a los ismaelitas; al fin de cuentas, es nuestro propio hermano.Sus hermanos estuvieron de acuerdo con él,

28 así que cuando los mercaderes madianitas se acercaron, sacaron a José de la cisterna y se lo vendieron a los ismaelitas por veinte monedas de plata. Fue así como se llevaron a José a Egipto.

29 Cuando Rubén volvió a la cisterna y José ya no estaba allí, se rasgó las vestiduras en señal de duelo.

30 Regresó entonces adonde estaban sus hermanos, y les reclamó:—¡Ya no está ese muchacho! Y ahora, ¿qué hago?

31 En seguida los hermanos tomaron la túnica especial de José, degollaron un cabrito, y con la sangre empaparon la túnica.

32 Luego la mandaron a su padre con el siguiente mensaje: «Encontramos esto. Fíjate bien si es o no la túnica de tu hijo».

33 En cuanto Jacob la reconoció, exclamó: «¡Sí, es la túnica de mi hijo! ¡Seguro que un animal salvaje se lo devoró y lo hizo pedazos!»

34 Y Jacob se rasgó las vestiduras y se vistió de luto, y por mucho tiempo hizo duelo por su hijo.

35 Todos sus hijos y sus hijas intentaban calmarlo, pero él no se dejaba consolar, sino que decía: «No. Guardaré luto hasta que descienda al sepulcro para reunirme con mi hijo». Así Jacob siguió llorando la muerte de José.

36 En Egipto, los madianitas^[b] lo vendieron a un tal Potifar, funcionario del faraón y capitán de la guardia.

Génesis 37 Commentary

Chapter 37

Joseph is loved of Jacob, but hated by his brethren. (1-4) Joseph's dreams. (5-11) Jacob sends Joseph to visit his brethren, They conspire his death. (12-22) Joseph's brethren sell him. (23-10) Jacob deceived, Joseph sold to Potiphar. (31-36)

Verses 1-4 In Joseph's history we see something of Christ, who was first humbled and then exalted. It also shows the lot of Christians, who must through many tribulations enter into the kingdom. It is a history that has none like it, for displaying the various workings of the human mind, both good and bad, and the singular providence of God in making use of them for fulfilling his purposes. Though Joseph was his father's darling, yet he was not bred up in idleness. Those do not truly love their children, who do not use them to business, and labour, and hardships. The fondling of children is with good reason called the spoiling of them. Those who are trained up to do nothing, are likely to be good for nothing. But Jacob made known his love, by dressing Joseph finer than the rest of his children. It is wrong for parents to make a difference between one child and another, unless there is great cause for it, by the children's dutifulness, or undutifulness. When parents make a difference, children soon notice it, and it leads to quarrels in families. Jacob's sons did that, when they were from under his eye, which they durst not have done at home with him; but Joseph gave his father an account of their ill conduct, that he might restrain them. Not as a tale-bearer, to sow discord, but as a faithful brother.

Verses 5-11 God gave Joseph betimes the prospect of his advancement, to support and comfort him under his long and grievous troubles. Observe, Joseph dreamed of his preferment, but he did not dream of his imprisonment. Thus many young people, when setting out in the world, think of nothing but prosperity and pleasure, and never dream of trouble. His brethren rightly interpreted the dream, though they abhorred the interpretation of it. While they committed crimes in order to defeat it, they were themselves the instruments of accomplishing it. Thus the Jews understood what Christ said of his kingdom. Determined that he should not reign over them, they consulted to put him to death; and by his crucifixion, made way for the exaltation they designed to prevent.

Verses 12-22 How readily does Joseph wait his father's orders! Those children who are best beloved by their parents, should be the most ready to obey them. See how deliberate Joseph's brethren were against him. They thought to slay him from malice aforethought, and in cold blood. Whosoever hateth his brother is ( 1 John. 3:15 ) because their father loved him. New occasions, as his dreams and the like, drew them on further; but this laid rankling in their hearts, till they resolved on his death. God has all hearts in his hands. Reuben had most reason to be jealous of Joseph, for he was the first-born; yet he proves his best friend. God overruled all to serve his own purpose, of making Joseph an instrument to save much people alive. Joseph was a type of Christ; for though he was the beloved Son of his Father, and hated by a wicked world, yet the Father sent him out of his bosom to visit us in great humility and love. He came from heaven to earth to seek and save us; yet then malicious plots were laid against him. His own not only received him not, but crucified him. This he submitted to, as a part of his design to redeem and save us.

Verses 23-30 They threw Joseph into a pit, to perish there with hunger and cold; so cruel were their tender mercies. They slighted him when he was in distress, and were not grieved for the affliction of Joseph, see ( Amos 6:6 ) ; for when he was pining in the pit, they sat down to eat bread. They felt no remorse of conscience for the sin. But the wrath of man shall praise God, and the remainder of wrath he will restrain, ( Psalms 76:10 ) . Joseph's brethren were wonderfully restrained from murdering him, and their selling him as wonderfully turned to God's praise.

Verses 31-36 When Satan has taught men to commit one sin, he teaches them to try to conceal it with another; to hide theft and murder, with lying and false oaths: but he that covers his sin shall not prosper long. Joseph's brethren kept their own and one another's counsel for some time; but their villany came to light at last, and it is here published to the world. To grieve their father, they sent him Joseph's coat of colours; and he hastily thought, on seeing the bloody coat, that Joseph was rent in pieces. Let those that know the heart of a parent, suppose the agony of poor Jacob. His sons basely pretended to comfort him, but miserable, hypocritical comforters were they all. Had they really desired to comfort him, they might at once have done it, by telling the truth. The heart is strangely hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. Jacob refused to be comforted. Great affection to any creature prepares for so much the greater affliction, when it is taken from us, or made bitter to us: undue love commonly ends in undue grief. It is the wisdom of parents not to bring up children delicately, they know not to what hardships they may be brought before they die. From the whole of this chapter we see with wonder the ways of Providence. The malignant brothers seem to have gotten their ends; the merchants, who care not what they deal in so that they gain, have also obtained theirs; and Potiphar, having got a fine young slave, has obtained his! But God's designs are, by these means, in train for execution. This event shall end in Israel's going down to Egypt; that ends in their deliverance by Moses; that in setting up the true religion in the world; and that in the spread of it among all nations by the gospel. Thus the wrath of man shall praise the Lord, and the remainder thereof will he restrain.

Footnotes

• [a]. "muy elegante" . Frase de dificil traducción; también en v. 23.
• [b]. "madianitas " (Pentateuco samaritano, LXX, Vulgata y Siríaca; véase v. 28); "medanitas " (TM).

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO GENESIS 37

In this chapter begins the history of Joseph, with whom the remaining part of this book is chiefly concerned; and here are related the hatred of his brethren to him, because he brought an ill report of them to his father, and because his father loved him, and which was increased by the dream he dreamed, and told them of, Ge 37:1-11; a visit of his to his brethren in the fields, whom he found after a long search of them, Ge 37:12-17; their conspiracy on sight of him to slay him, but by the advice of Reuben it was agreed to cast him into a pit, which they did, Ge 37:18-24; and after that, at the motion of Judah, sold him to the Ishmaelites, who were going to Egypt, Ge 37:25-28; this being done, Reuben being absent, and not finding Joseph in the pit, was in great distress, Ge 37:29,30; their contrivance to deceive their father, and make him believe that Joseph was destroyed by a wild beast, which on the sight of the coat he credited, and became inconsolable, Ge 37:31-35; and the chapter concludes with the sale of Joseph in Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, Ge 37:36.