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Deuteronomio 31

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JosuƩ, sucesor de MoisƩs

1 De nuevo habló Moisés a todo el pueblo de Israel, y les dijo:
2 Ā«Ya tengo ciento veinte aƱos de edad, y no puedo seguir siendo su lĆ­der. AdemĆ”s, el SEƑOR me ha dicho que no voy a cruzar el JordĆ”n,
3 pues ha ordenado que sea JosuĆ© quien lo cruce al frente de ustedes. El SEƑOR su Dios marcharĆ” al frente de ustedes para destruir a todas las naciones que encuentren a su paso, y ustedes se apoderarĆ”n de su territorio.
4 El SEƑOR las arrasarĆ” como arrasó a Sijón y a Og, los reyes de los amorreos, junto con sus paĆ­ses.
5 Cuando el SEƑOR los entregue en sus manos, ustedes los tratarĆ”n segĆŗn mis órdenes.
6 Sean fuertes y valientes. No teman ni se asusten ante esas naciones, pues el SEƑOR su Dios siempre los acompaƱarĆ”; nunca los dejarĆ” ni los abandonarÔ».
7 Llamó entonces MoisĆ©s a JosuĆ©, y en presencia de todo Israel le dijo: Ā«SĆ© fuerte y valiente, porque tĆŗ entrarĆ”s con este pueblo al territorio que el SEƑOR juró darles a sus antepasados. TĆŗ harĆ”s que ellos tomen posesión de su herencia.
8 El SEƑOR mismo marcharĆ” al frente de ti y estarĆ” contigo; nunca te dejarĆ” ni te abandonarĆ”. No temas ni te desanimesĀ».

La lectura de la ley

9 MoisĆ©s escribió esta ley y se la entregó a los sacerdotes levitas que transportaban el arca del pacto del SEƑOR, y a todos los ancianos de Israel.
10 Luego les ordenó: «Cada siete años, en el año de la cancelación de deudas, durante la fiesta de las Enramadas,
11 cuando tĆŗ, Israel, te presentes ante el SEƑOR tu Dios en el lugar que Ć©l habrĆ” de elegir, leerĆ”s en voz alta esta ley en presencia de todo Israel.
12 ReunirĆ”s a todos los hombres, mujeres y niƱos de tu pueblo, y a los extranjeros que vivan en tus ciudades, para que escuchen y aprendan a temer al SEƑOR tu Dios, y obedezcan fielmente todas las palabras de esta ley.
13 Y los descendientes de ellos, para quienes esta ley serĆ” desconocida, la oirĆ”n y aprenderĆ”n a temer al SEƑOR tu Dios mientras vivan en el territorio que vas a poseer al otro lado del JordĆ”nĀ».

Predicción de la rebeldía de Israel

14 El SEƑOR le dijo a MoisĆ©s: Ā«Ya se acerca el dĆ­a de tu muerte. Llama a JosuĆ©, y presĆ©ntate con Ć©l en la Tienda de reunión para que reciba mis órdenesĀ».Fue asĆ­ como MoisĆ©s y JosuĆ© se presentaron allĆ­.
15 Entonces el SEƑOR se apareció a la entrada de la Tienda de reunión, en una columna de nube,
16 y le dijo a Moisés: «Tú irÔs a descansar con tus antepasados, y muy pronto esta gente me serÔ infiel con los dioses extraños del territorio al que van a entrar. Me rechazarÔn y quebrantarÔn el pacto que hice con ellos.
17 Cuando esto haya sucedido, se encenderĆ” mi ira contra ellos y los abandonarĆ©; ocultarĆ© mi rostro, y serĆ”n presa fĆ”cil. Entonces les sobrevendrĆ”n muchos desastres y adversidades, y se preguntarĆ”n: ā€œĀæNo es verdad que todos estos desastres nos han sobrevenido porque nuestro Dios ya no estĆ” con nosotros?ā€
18 Y ese día yo ocultaré aún mÔs mi rostro, por haber cometido la maldad de irse tras otros dioses.
19 »Escriban, pues, este cÔntico, y enséñenselo al pueblo para que lo cante y sirva también de testimonio contra ellos.
20 »Cuando yo conduzca a los israelitas a la tierra que juré darles a sus antepasados, tierra donde abundan la leche y la miel, comerÔn hasta saciarse y engordarÔn; se irÔn tras otros dioses y los adorarÔn, despreciÔndome y quebrantando mi pacto.
21 Y cuando les sobrevengan muchos desastres y adversidades, este cÔntico servirÔ de testimonio contra ellos, porque sus descendientes lo recordarÔn y lo cantarÔn. Yo sé lo que mi pueblo piensa hacer, aun antes de introducirlo en el territorio que juré darle».
22 Entonces Moisés escribió ese cÔntico aquel día, y se lo enseñó a los israelitas.
23 Y el SEƑOR le dio a JosuĆ© hijo de Nun esta orden: Ā«EsfuĆ©rzate y sĆ© valiente, porque tĆŗ conducirĆ”s a los israelitas al territorio que jurĆ© darles, y yo mismo estarĆ© contigoĀ».
24 Moisés terminó de escribir en un libro todas las palabras de esta ley.
25 Luego dio esta orden a los levitas que transportaban el arca del pacto del SEƑOR:
26 Ā«Tomen este libro de la ley, y pónganlo junto al arca del pacto del SEƑOR su Dios. AllĆ­ permanecerĆ” como testigo contra ustedes los israelitas,
27 pues sĆ© cuĆ”n tercos y rebeldes son. Si fueron rebeldes contra el SEƑOR mientras vivĆ­ con ustedes, Ā”cuĆ”nto mĆ”s lo serĆ”n despuĆ©s de mi muerte!
28 ReĆŗnan ante mĆ­ a todos los ancianos y los lĆ­deres de sus tribus, para que yo pueda comunicarles estas palabras y las escuchen claramente. Pongo al cielo y a la tierra por testigos contra ustedes,
29 porque sĆ© que despuĆ©s de mi muerte se pervertirĆ”n y se apartarĆ”n del camino que les he mostrado. En dĆ­as venideros les sobrevendrĆ”n calamidades, porque harĆ”n lo que ofende al SEƑOR y con sus detestables actos provocarĆ”n su iraĀ».

El cƔntico de MoisƩs

30 Y este fue el cÔntico que recitó Moisés de principio a fin, en presencia de toda la asamblea de Israel:

Deuteronomio 31 Commentary

Chapter 31

Moses encourages the people, and Joshua. (1-8) The law to be read every seventh year. (9-13) The Israelites' apostacy foretold, A song given to be witness against them. (14-22) The law delivered to the Levites. (22-30)

Verses 1-8 Moses assures Israel of the constant presence of God with them. This is applied by the apostle to all God's spiritual Israel, to encourage their faith and hope; unto us is this gospel preached, as well as unto them; he will never fail thee, nor forsake thee, ( Hebrews 13:5 ) . Moses commends Joshua to them for a leader; one whose wisdom, and courage, and affection they had long known; one whom God had appointed to be their leader; and therefore would own and bless. Joshua is well pleased to be admonished by Moses to be strong and of good courage. Those shall speed well, who have God with them; therefore they ought to be of good courage. Through God let us do valiantly, for through him we shall do victoriously; if we resist the devil, he will flee from us.

Verses 9-13 Though we read the word in private, we must not think it needless to hear it read in public. This solemn reading of the law must be done in the year of release. The year of release was typical of gospel grace, which is called the acceptable year of the Lord; for our pardon and liberty by Christ, engage us to keep his commandments. It must be read to all Israel, men, women, children, and to the strangers. It is the will of God that all people should acquaint themselves with his word. It is a rule to all, therefore should be read to all. Whoever has read of the pains taken by many persons to get scraps of the Scriptures, when a whole copy could not be obtained, or safely possessed, will see how thankful we should be for the thousands of copies amongst us. They will also understand the very different situation in which the Israelites were placed for many ages. But the heart of man is so careless, that all will be found too little, to keep up a knowledge of the truths, precepts, and worship of God.

Verses 14-22 Moses and Joshua attended the Divine Majesty at the door of the tabernacle. Moses is told again that he must shortly die; even those who are most ready and willing to die, need to be often reminded of its coming. The Lord tells Moses, that, after his death, the covenant he had taken so much pains to make between Israel and their God, would certainly be broken. Israel would forsake Him; then God would forsake Israel. Justly does he cast those off who so unjustly cast him off. Moses is directed to deliver them a song, which should remain a standing testimony for God, as faithful to them in giving them warning, and against them, as persons false to themselves in not taking the warning. The word of God is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of men's hearts, and meets them by reproofs and correction. Ministers who preach the word, know not the imaginations of men; but God, whose word it is, knows perfectly.

Verses 23-30 The solemn delivery of the book of the law to the Levites, to be deposited in, or rather by the side, of the ark, is again related. The song which follows in the next chapter is delivered to Moses, and by him to the people. He wrote it first, as the Holy Spirit taught him; and then spake it in the hearing of all the people. Moses tells them plainly, I know that after my death ye will utterly corrupt yourselves. Many a sad thought, no doubt, it occasioned to this good man; but his comfort was, that he had done his duty, and that God would be glorified in their dispersion, if not in their settlement, for the foundation of God stands sure.

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Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO DEUTERONOMY 31

Moses being old, and knowing he should quickly die, and must not go over Jordan with the people of Israel, acquaints them with it, and encourages them and Joshua to go over notwithstanding, and not be afraid of their enemies, since the Lord would go with them, and deliver them into their hands, De 31:1-8; and having written the law, he delivered it to the priests, and ordered that it should be read at the end of every seven years before all the people, that they and theirs might learn it, and fear the Lord, De 31:9-13; and whereas the death of Moses was very near, and the Lord foreseeing the people would quickly fall into idolatry, which would bring great calamities upon them, he directed Moses to write a song, which should be a witness for him, and against them, in ages to come; which Moses accordingly did, De 31:14-22; and Moses having given a charge to Joshua, and finished the writing of the law in a book, gave it to the Levites to put it in the side of the ark, De 31:23-27; and then ordered the chief of the tribes to be gathered together, that he might deliver the song, which by the direction and under the inspiration of God he had written, De 31:28-30; which song is recorded in De 32:1-43.

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