Spreuken 31

1 De woorden van de koning Lemuel; de last, maarmede zijn moeder hem onderwees.

2 Wat, o mijn zoon, en wat, o zoon mijns buiks? ja, wat, o zoon mijner geloften?

3 Geeft aan de vrouwen uw vermogen niet, noch uw wegen, om koningen te verdelgen.

4 Het komt den koningen niet toe, o Lemuel! het komt den koningen niet toe wijn te drinken, en den prinsen, sterken drank te begeren;

5 Opdat hij niet drinke, en het gezette vergete, en de rechtzaak van alle verdrukten verandere.

6 Geeft sterken drank dengene, die verloren gaat, en wijn dengenen, die bitterlijk bedroefd van ziel zijn;

7 Dat hij drinke, en zijn armoede vergete, en zijner moeite niet meer gedenke.

8 Open uw mond voor den stomme, voor de rechtzaak van allen, die omkomen zouden.

9 Open uw mond; oordeel gerechtelijk, en doe den verdrukte en nooddruftige recht.

10 Aleph. Wie zal een deugdelijke huisvrouw vinden? Want haar waardij is verre boven de robijnen.

11 Beth. Het hart haars heren vertrouwt op haar, zodat hem geen goed zal ontbreken.

12 Gimel. Zij doet hem goed en geen kwaad, al de dagen haars levens.

13 Daleth. Zij zoekt wol en vlas, en werkt met lust harer handen.

14 He. Zij is als de schepen eens koopmans; zij doet haar brood van verre komen.

15 Vau. En zij staat op, als het nog nacht is, en geeft haar huis spijze, en haar dienstmaagden het bescheiden deel.

16 Zain. Zij denkt om een akker, en krijgt hem; van de vrucht harer handen plant zij een wijngaard.

17 Cheth. Zij gordt haar lenden met kracht, en zij versterkt haar armen.

18 Teth. Zij smaakt, dat haar koophandel goed is; haar lamp gaat des nachts niet uit.

19 Jod. Zij steekt haar handen uit naar de spil, en haar handpalmen vatten den spinrok.

20 Caph. Zij breidt haar handpalm uit tot den ellendige; en zij steekt haar handen uit tot den nooddruftige.

21 Lamed. Zij vreest voor haar huis niet vanwege de sneeuw; want haar ganse huis is met dubbele klederen gekleed.

22 Mem. Zij maakt voor zich tapijtsieraad; haar kleding is fijn linnen en purper.

23 Nun. Haar man is bekend in de poorten, als hij zit met de oudsten des lands.

24 Samech. Zij maakt fijn lijnwaad en verkoopt het; en zij levert den koopman gordelen.

25 Ain. Sterkte en heerlijkheid zijn haar kleding; en zij lacht over den nakomenden dag.

26 Pe. Zij doet haar mond open met wijsheid; en op haar tong is leer der goeddadigheid.

27 Tsade. Zij beschouwt de gangen van haar huis; en het brood der luiheid eet zij niet.

28 Koph. Haar kinderen staan op, en roemen haar welgelukzalig; ook haar man, en hij prijst haar, zeggende:

29 Resch. Vele dochteren hebben deugdelijke gehandeld; maar gij gaat die allen te boven.

30 Schin. De bevalligheid is bedrog, en de schoonheid ijdelheid; maar een vrouw, die den HEERE vreest, die zal geprezen worden.

31 Thau. Geef haar van de vrucht harer handen, en laat haar werken haar prijzen in de poorten.

Spreuken 31 Commentary

Chapter 31

An exhortation to king Lemuel to take heed of sin, and to do duties. (1-9) The description of a virtuous woman. (10-31)

Verses 1-9 When children are under the mother's eye, she has an opportunity of fashioning their minds aright. Those who are grown up, should often call to mind the good teaching they received when children. The many awful instances of promising characters who have been ruined by vile women, and love of wine, should warn every one to avoid these evils. Wine is to be used for want or medicine. Every creature of God is good, and wine, though abused, has its use. By the same rule, due praise and consolation should be used as cordials to the dejected and tempted, not administered to the confident and self-sufficient. All in authority should be more carefully temperate even than other men; and should be protectors of those who are unable or afraid to plead their own cause. Our blessed Lord did not decline the bitterest dregs of the cup of sorrow put into his hands; but he puts the cup of consolation into the hands of his people, and causes those to rejoice who are in the deepest distress.

Verses 10-31 This is the description of a virtuous woman of those days, but the general outlines equally suit every age and nation. She is very careful to recommend herself to her husband's esteem and affection, to know his mind, and is willing that he rule over her. 1. She can be trusted, and he will leave such a wife to manage for him. He is happy in her. And she makes it her constant business to do him good. 2. She is one that takes pains in her duties, and takes pleasure in them. She is careful to fill up time, that none be lost. She rises early. She applies herself to the business proper for her, to women's business. She does what she does, with all her power, and trifles not. 3. She makes what she does turn to good account by prudent management. Many undo themselves by buying, without considering whether they can afford it. She provides well for her house. She lays up for hereafter. 4. She looks well to the ways of her household, that she may oblige all to do their duty to God and one another, as well as to her. 5. She is intent upon giving as upon getting, and does it freely and cheerfully. 6. She is discreet and obliging; every word she says, shows she governs herself by the rules of wisdom. She not only takes prudent measures herself, but gives prudent advice to others. The law of love and kindness is written in the heart, and shows itself in the tongue. Her heart is full of another world, even when her hands are most busy about this world. 7. Above all, she fears the Lord. Beauty recommends none to God, nor is it any proof of wisdom and goodness, but it has deceived many a man who made his choice of a wife by it. But the fear of God reigning in the heart, is the beauty of the soul; it lasts for ever. 8. She has firmness to bear up under crosses and disappointments. She shall reflect with comfort when she comes to be old, that she was not idle or useless when young. She shall rejoice in a world to come. She is a great blessing to her relations. If the fruit be good, the tree must have our good word. But she leaves it to her own works to praise her. Every one ought to desire this honour that cometh from God; and according to this standard we all ought to regulate our judgments. This description let all women daily study, who desire to be truly beloved and respected, useful and honourable. This passage is to be applied to individuals, but may it not also be applied to the church of God, which is described as a virtuous spouse? God by his grace has formed from among sinful men a church of true believers, to possess all the excellences here described.

Chapter Summary

INTRODUCTION TO PROVERBS 31

This chapter contains the last part of the book of Proverbs; which some reckon the fifth, others the sixth. It contains the instructions of the mother of a prince, whose name was Lemuel, which she gave unto him; and which are so valuable, as to be annexed to the proverbs of Solomon. The preface or introduction to them is in Pr 31:1; the address to her son, Pr 31:2. The vices she cautions him against are uncleanness and intemperance; which she dissuades from, because of the pernicious consequences of both to kings and to their subjects, Pr 31:3-5. Advises rather to give wine and strong drink to poor people, such as are in distress; as being more useful to them, at least less prejudicial, Pr 31:6,7; and exhorts her son to the duties of his office; by pleading the cause of the poor and injured, and administering justice to them, Pr 31:8,9. And then at large describes a virtuous woman; perhaps designed as an instruction to her son in the choice of a wife, Pr 31:10-31; though more than that may be intended by it.